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    Natural language indicators of differential gene regulation in the human immune system

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    Author
    Mehl, Matthias R.
    Raison, Charles L.
    Pace, Thaddeus W. W.
    Arevalo, Jesusa M. G.
    Cole, Steve W.
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol
    Issue Date
    2017-11-21
    Keywords
    genomics
    psychoneuroimmunology
    psycholinguistics
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    NATL ACAD SCIENCES
    Citation
    Mehl, M. R., Raison, C. L., Pace, T. W., Arevalo, J. M., & Cole, S. W. (2017). Natural language indicators of differential gene regulation in the human immune system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(47), 12554-12559. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707373114
    Journal
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
    Rights
    Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. This is an open access article distributed under the PNAS license.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Adverse social conditions have been linked to a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) in circulating leukocytes that may contribute to social gradients in disease. However, the CNS mechanisms involved remain obscure, in part because CTRA gene-expression profiles often track external social-environmental variables more closely than they do self-reported internal affective states such as stress, depression, or anxiety. This study examined the possibility that variations in patterns of natural language use might provide more sensitive indicators of the automatic threat- detection and -response systems that proximally regulate autonomic induction of the CTRA. In 22,627 audio samples of natural speech sampled from the daily interactions of 143 healthy adults, both total language output and patterns of function-word use covaried with CTRA gene expression. These language features predicted CTRA gene expression substantially better than did conventional self-report measures of stress, depression, and anxiety and did so independently of demographic and behavioral factors (age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index) and leukocyte subset distributions. This predictive relationship held when language and gene expression were sampled more than a week apart, suggesting that associations reflect stable individual differences or chronic life circumstances. Given the observed relationship between personal expression and gene expression, patterns of natural language use may provide a useful behavioral indicator of nonconsciously evaluated well-being (implicit safety vs. threat) that is distinct from conscious affective experience and more closely tracks the neurobiological processes involved in peripheral gene regulation.
    Note
    Open access article
    ISSN
    0027-8424
    1091-6490
    PubMed ID
    29109260
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1707373114
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    NIH [R01-AT004698, P30-AG017265, R01-AG043404, R37-AG033590, UL1-TR000454]
    Additional Links
    http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1707373114
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1707373114
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