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    Clinical location of the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces as a percent of the length of the sternum

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    Clinical_Location_of_the_Fourt ...
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    Author
    Marcus, Frank
    Hughes, Trina
    Barrios, Phillip
    Borgstrom, Mark
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Sarver Heart Ctr, Div Cardiol
    Univ Arizona, Res Comp UITS
    Issue Date
    2018-01
    Keywords
    Sternal notch
    Xiphoid process
    4th and 5th intercostal spaces
    Electrode placement
    
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    Publisher
    CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS
    Citation
    Frank Marcus, Trina Hughes, Phillip Barrios, Mark Borgstrom, Clinical location of the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces as a percent of the length of the sternum, Journal of Electrocardiology, Volume 51, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 55-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.05.006
    Journal
    JOURNAL OF ELECTROCARDIOLOGY
    Rights
    © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Objectives: To verify accurate placement of the precordial ECG leads by identifying the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces as a function of the length of the sternum. This should decrease the percentage of lead misplacement leading to misdiagnoses. Methods: The population consisted of patients and healthy volunteers. The proposed method compared palpation of the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces to a percentile of the sternal length. Location of the 4th and 5th intercostal space using a simple device was evaluated to assist in proper placement of the precordial leads to obtain accurate diagnosis. Results: The location of the 4th and 5th intercostal space is related to the length of the sternum. It is 77% of the sternal length that measures 15 cm for the 4th intercostal space. The position of the VI and V2 electrodes decreases to 57% when the sternal length is 26 cm. Similar data was obtained to locate the 5th intercostal space with proper position of V4-V6 electrodes. Tables are provided to facilitate this process. An instrument was designed to measure the 4th and 5th intercostal space as a function of the sternal length. Conclusions: The location of the 4th and 5th intercostal space is identified based on the length of the sternum. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
    Note
    12 month embargo; published online: 18 May 2017
    ISSN
    00220736
    PubMed ID
    28579259
    DOI
    10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.05.006
    Version
    Final accepted manuscript
    Additional Links
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022073617301322
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.05.006
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