Fungal communities associated with almond throughout crop development: Implications for aflatoxin biocontrol management in California
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Ortega-Beltran, AlejandroMoral, Juan
Puckett, Ryan D.
Morgan, David P.
Cotty, Peter J.
Michailides, Themis J.
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Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Sch Plant SciIssue Date
2018-06-20
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PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCECitation
Ortega-Beltran A, Moral J, Puckett RD, Morgan DP, Cotty PJ, Michailides TJ (2018) Fungal communities associated with almond throughout crop development: Implications for aflatoxin biocontrol management in California. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0199127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199127Journal
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This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.Collection Information
This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.Abstract
Interactions between pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungal species in the tree canopy are complex and can determine if disease will manifest in the plant and in other organisms such as honey bees. Seasonal dynamics of fungi were studied in an almond orchard in California where experimental release of the atoxigenic biopesticide Aspergillus flavus AF36 to displace toxigenic Aspergillus strains has been conducted for five years. The presence of the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) YV36, to which AF36 belongs, in the blossoms, and the honey bees that attend these blossoms, was assessed. In blossoms, A. flavus frequencies ranged from 0 to 4.5%, depending on the year of study. Frequencies of honey bees carrying A. flavus ranged from 6.5 to 10%. Only one A. flavus isolate recovered from a blossom in 2016 belonged to YV36, while members of the VCG were not detected contaminating honey bees. Exposure of pollinator honey bees to AF36 was detected to be very low. The density of several Aspergillus species was found to increase during almond hull split and throughout the final stages of maturation; this also occurred in pistachio orchards during the maturation period. Additionally, we found that AF36 effectively limited almond aflatoxin contamination in laboratory assays. This study provides knowledge and understanding of the seasonal dynamics of Aspergillus fungi and will help design aflatoxin management strategies for almond. The evidence of the low levels of VCG YV36 encountered on almond blossoms and bees during pollination and AF36's effectiveness in limiting aflatoxin contamination in almond provided additional support for the registration of AF36 with USEPA to use in almond in California.Note
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1932-6203PubMed ID
29924839Version
Final published versionSponsors
Almond Board of California; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia - Mexico, Estancia postdoctoral en el extranjero [237422]; European Union's H2020, Marie Skfodowska Curie fellowship [658579]Additional Links
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199127http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199127.g001
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199127.g002
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199127.g003
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10.1371/journal.pone.0199127
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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