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    The development and flexibility of gaze alternations in bonobos and chimpanzees

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    Author
    Lucca, Kelsey
    MacLean, Evan L.
    Hare, Brian
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol
    Issue Date
    2018-07
    
    Metadata
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    Publisher
    WILEY
    Citation
    Lucca K, MacLean EL, Hare B. The development and flexibility of gaze alternations in bonobos and chimpanzees. Dev Sci. 2018;21:e12598. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12598
    Journal
    DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
    Rights
    © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Infants' early gaze alternations are one of their first steps towards a sophisticated understanding of the social world. This ability, to gaze alternate between an object of interest and another individual also attending to that object, has been considered foundational to the development of many complex social-cognitive abilities, such as theory of mind and language. However, to understand the evolution of these abilities, it is important to identify whether and how gaze alternations are used and develop in our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Here, we evaluated the development of gaze alternations in a large, developmental sample of bonobos (N = 17) and chimpanzees (N = 35). To assess the flexibility of ape gaze alternations, we tested whether they produced gaze alternations when requesting food from a human who was either visually attentive or visually inattentive. Similarly to human infants, both bonobos and chimpanzees produced gaze alternations, and did so more frequently when a human communicative partner was visually attentive. However, unlike humans, who gaze alternate frequently from early in development, chimpanzees did not begin to gaze alternate frequently until adulthood. Bonobos produced very few gaze alternations, regardless of age. Thus, it may be the early emergence of gaze alternations, as opposed gaze alternations themselves, that is derived in the human lineage. The distinctively early emergence of gaze alternations in humans may be a critical underpinning for the development of complex human social-cognitive abilities.
    Note
    12 month embargo; published online: 15 August 2017
    ISSN
    1363755X
    PubMed ID
    28812318
    DOI
    10.1111/desc.12598
    Version
    Final accepted manuscript
    Sponsors
    National Institute of Health Grant [5 R03 HD070649-02]; National Science Foundation grants [NSF-BCS-08-27552, NSF-BCS-10- 25172]; Duke University Graduate School
    Additional Links
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/desc.2018.21.issue-4
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/desc.12598
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/desc.12598
    Scopus Count
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    UA Faculty Publications

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