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    Lateritic, supergene rare earth element (REE) deposits

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    Author
    Cocker, M.D.
    Issue Date
    2014-04-14
    Keywords
    Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper 9
    REE
    Proterozoic
    Mesozoic
    Paleozoic
    Tertiary
    Vietnam
    Bokan Mountain
    Bayan Obo
    Tanzania
    China
    Southeastern U.S.
    Florida
    South America
    North America
    Australia
    Africa
    Mt. Weld
    LREE
    paleo-laterites
    supergene
    granite
    carbonates
    carbonatite
    sub-tropics
    phosphorites
    bauxites
    HREE
    laterites
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    Citation
    Cocker, M.D., 2014, Lateritic, supergene rare earth element (REE) deposits, in, Conway, F.M., ed., Proceedings of the 48th Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, Phoenix, Arizona, April 30 - May 4, 2012. Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper #9, Chapter 4, p. 1-18.
    Description
    Intensive lateritic weathering of bedrock under tropical or sub-tropical climatic conditions can form a variety of secondary, supergene-type deposits. These secondary deposits may range in composition from aluminous bauxites to iron and niobium, and include rare earth elements (REE). Over 250 lateritic deposits of REE are currently known and many have been important sources of REE. In southeastern China, lateritic REE deposits, known as ion-adsorption type deposits, have been the world’s largest source of heavy REE (HREE). The lateritized upper parts of carbonatite intrusions are being investigated for REE in South America, Africa, Asia and Australia, with the Mt. Weld deposit in Australia being brought into production in late 2012. Lateritic REE deposits may be derived from a wide range of primary host rocks, but all have similar laterite and enrichment profiles, and are probably formed under similar climatic conditions. The weathering profile commonly consists of a depleted zone, an enriched zone, and a partially weathered zone which overlie the protolith. Lateritic weathering may commonly extend to depths of 30 to 60 m. REE are mobilized from the breakdown of primary REE-bearing minerals and redeposited in the enriched zone deeper in the weathering horizon as secondary minerals, as colloids, or adsorbed on other secondary minerals. Enrichment of REE may range from 3 to 10 times that of the source lithology; in some instances, enrichment may range up to 100 times.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/629374
    Additional Links
    http://repository.azgs.az.gov/uri_gin/azgs/dlio/1570
    Language
    en
    Series/Report no.
    Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper #9-Proceedings of the 48th Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals - Chap. 4
    Rights
    Arizona Geological Survey. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    Documents in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact azgs-info@email.arizona.edu.
    North Bounding Coordinate
    80.7147
    South Bounding Coordinate
    -74.6658
    West Bounding Coordinate
    -179.473
    East Bounding Coordinate
    177.715
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