BUT DID YOU DIE? BROKEN HEART SYNDROME: A STUDY OF STRESS AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Abstract

The effects of chronic stress on the heart are well-documented. From increased blood pressure to increased risk of heart attack, patients are encouraged to minimize stress as much as possible to maintain a healthy heart. However, how is the heart affected when it endures an acute stress event? A relatively new area of research, acute stress events can cause Broken Heart Syndrome (BHS) AKA Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. This is characterized by hypercontraction of the left ventricle, yielding symptoms similar to a heart attack. BHS can affect a range of people, but women experiencing menopause are at high risk. This paper provides an extensive review of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and its components, the connection between the mind and the body, the physiologic stress response, the pathophysiology of BHS, and options for treatment as well as prevention. The paper also calls for more research in the area and asks questions to address in the future.