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    Characterizing and Evaluating the Treatment of Organic Compounds during Direct Potable Reuse

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    Author
    Daniels, Kevin
    Issue Date
    2018
    Keywords
    Bioassay
    Bulk Organics
    Non-targeted Analysis
    Targeted Analysis
    Water Reuse
    Advisor
    Snyder, Shane A.
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    The goal of direct potable reuse (DPR) is to ultimately produce compliant water that is suitable for drinking purposes in a timely and efficient manor; however, as DPR projects continue to gather attention, it raises questions about the monitoring process. With the quickly changing climate, water managers and regulators are often left to make decisions based from assumption of risk rather than recommendations made from scientific assessments. This dissertation illustrates that using a universal bulk organic parameter guideline, like total organic carbon (TOC) measurement, is too broad of a surrogate to accurately reflect exposure to small fractions of organics that may be harmful or toxic in a given water based upon treatment source and techniques applied. Altogether, this dissertation seeks to address the current gaps on evaluating DPR. There have been numerous analytical techniques developed throughout the past century to monitor the quality of water, with none having the ability to detect and/or quantify the full spectrum and composition of organic matter. Therefore, various types of analytical techniques capable of illustrating the groups of organic compounds present during and after advanced water treatment (AWT) was investigated. Ultimately, the most promising analytical tools investigated were then applied in a framework to characterization the organic composition of various DPR trains at different locations throughout the world. Data indicates all analytical measurements provide useful information about the composition of organic matter, but only certain methods performed proved to be effective and timely tools for monitoring water quality of DPR applications. A DPR monitoring framework was then proposed based on the data obtain from the DPR trains and local drinking water supplies. Briefly, bulk organic parameters are proposed to be analyzed on a continuous basis as a surrogate, where the targeted analysis should be applied as an indicator for treatment efficacy. Lastly, non-targeted analysis is proposed as a supplemental tool to illustrate the transformation of the water. Of the advanced treatment processes evaluated, which followed traditional wastewater treatment, the treatment trains of MF to RO to UVAOP was shown to have the greatest reduction of analytical signals for all techniques from the secondary effluent, followed by O3 to BAC to GAC treatment trains.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Environmental Engineering
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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