The representation of solar cycle signals in stratospheric ozone - Part 2: Analysis of global models
Author
Maycock, Amanda C.Matthes, Katja
Tegtmeier, Susann
Schmidt, Hauke
Thieblemont, Remi
Hood, Lon
Akiyoshi, Hideharu
Bekki, Slimane
Deushi, Makoto
Joeckel, Patrick
Kirner, Oliver
Kunze, Markus
Marchand, Marion
Marsh, Daniel R.
Michou, Martine
Plummer, David
Revell, Laura E.
Rozanov, Eugene
Stenke, Andrea
Yamashita, Yousuke
Yoshida, Kohei
Affiliation
Univ ArizonaIssue Date
2018-08-13
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COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHCitation
Maycock, A. C., Matthes, K., Tegtmeier, S., Schmidt, H., Thiéblemont, R., Hood, L., Akiyoshi, H., Bekki, S., Deushi, M., Jöckel, P., Kirner, O., Kunze, M., Marchand, M., Marsh, D. R., Michou, M., Plummer, D., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Yamashita, Y., and Yoshida, K.: The representation of solar cycle signals in stratospheric ozone – Part 2: Analysis of global models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11323-11343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11323-2018, 2018.Rights
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.Collection Information
This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.Abstract
The impact of changes in incoming solar irradiance on stratospheric ozone abundances should be included in climate simulations to aid in capturing the atmospheric response to solar cycle variability. This study presents the first systematic comparison of the representation of the 11-year solar cycle ozone response (SOR) in chemistry-climate models (CCMs) and in pre-calculated ozone databases specified in climate models that do not include chemistry, with a special focus on comparing the recommended protocols for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6). We analyse the SOR in eight CCMs from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) and compare these with results from three ozone databases for climate models: the Bodeker Scientific ozone database, the SPARC/Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C) ozone database for CMIP5 and the SPARC/CCMI ozone database for CMIP6. The peak amplitude of the annual mean SOR in the tropical upper stratosphere (1-5 hPa) decreases by more than a factor of 2, from around 5 to 2 %, between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ozone databases. This substantial decrease can be traced to the CMIP5 ozone database being constructed from a regression model fit to satellite and ozonesonde measurements, while the CMIP6 database is constructed from CCM simulations. The SOR in the CMIP6 ozone database therefore implicitly resembles the SOR in the CCMI-1 models. The structure in latitude of the SOR in the CMIP6 ozone database and CCMI-1 models is considerably smoother than in the CMIP5 database, which shows unrealistic sharp gradients in the SOR across the middle latitudes owing to the paucity of long-term ozone measurements in polar regions. The SORs in the CMIP6 ozone database and the CCMI-1 models show a seasonal dependence with enhanced meridional gradients at mid-to high latitudes in the winter hemisphere. The CMIP5 ozone database does not account for seasonal variations in the SOR, which is unrealistic. Sensitivity experiments with a global atmospheric model without chemistry (ECHAM6.3) are performed to assess the atmospheric impacts of changes in the representation of the SOR and solar spectral irradiance (SSI) forcing between CMIP5 and CMIP6. The larger amplitude of the SOR in the CMIP5 ozone database compared to CMIP6 causes a likely overestimation of the modelled tropical stratospheric temperature response between 11-year solar cycle minimum and maximum by up to 0.55 K, or around 80% of the total amplitude. This effect is substantially larger than the change in temperature response due to differences in SSI forcing between CMIP5 and CMIP6. The results emphasize the importance of adequately representing the SOR in global models to capture the impact of the 11-year solar cycle on the atmosphere. Since a number of limitations in the representation of the SOR in the CMIP5 ozone database have been identified, we recommend that CMIP6 models without chemistry use the CMIP6 ozone database and the CMIP6 SSI dataset to better capture the climate impacts of solar variability. The SOR coefficients from the CMIP6 ozone database are published with this paper.ISSN
1680-73161680-7324
Version
Final published versionSponsors
AXA Postdoctoral Fellowship; ERC ACCI Grant [267760]; NERC Independent Research Fellowship [NE/M018199/1]; COST Action [ES1005]; Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, Japan [2-1709]; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSII2_147659]; LABEX L-IPSL project [ANR-10-LABX-18-01]; European project StratoClim [603557, FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2]Additional Links
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/11323/2018/ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.5194/acp-18-11323-2018
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.