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    Multicellularity Drives the Evolution of Sexual Traits

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    Author
    Hanschen, Erik R.
    Herron, Matthew D.
    Wiens, John J.
    Nozaki, Hisayoshi cc
    Michod, Richard E.
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol
    Issue Date
    2018-09
    Keywords
    sex
    volvocine green algae
    multicellularity
    ancestral state reconstruction
    anisogamy
    sexual dimorphism
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
    Citation
    Erik R. Hanschen, Matthew D. Herron, John J. Wiens, Hisayoshi Nozaki, and Richard E. Michod, "Multicellularity Drives the Evolution of Sexual Traits," The American Naturalist 192, no. 3 (September 2018): E93-E105, https://doi.org/10.1086/698301
    Journal
    AMERICAN NATURALIST
    Rights
    © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    From the male peacock's tail plumage to the floral displays of flowering plants, traits related to sexual reproduction are often complex and exaggerated. Why has sexual reproduction become so complicated? Why have such exaggerated sexual traits evolved? Early work posited a connection between multicellularity and sexual traits such as anisogamy (i.e., the evolution of small sperm and large eggs). Anisogamy then drives the evolution of other forms of sexual dimorphism. Yet the relationship between multicellularity and the evolution of sexual traits has not been empirically tested. Given their extensive variation in both multicellular complexity and sexual systems, the volvocine green algae offer a tractable system for understanding the interrelationship of multicellular complexity and sex. Here we show that species with greater multicellular complexity have a significantly larger number of derived sexual traits, including anisogamy, internal fertilization, and secondary sexual dimorphism. Our results demonstrate that anisogamy repeatedly evolved from isogamous multicellular ancestors and that anisogamous species are larger and produce larger zygotes than isogamous species. In the volvocine algae, the evolution of multicellularity likely drives the evolution of anisogamy, and anisogamy subsequently drives secondary sexual dimorphism. Multicellularity may set the stage for the overall diversity of sexual complexity throughout the Tree of Life.
    Note
    12 month embargo; published online: 10 July 2018
    ISSN
    0003-0147
    1537-5323
    PubMed ID
    30125231
    DOI
    10.1086/698301
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX13AH41G, NNX15AR33G]; National Institutes of Health [GM084905]; National Science Foundation [MCB-1412395, DEB-1457701]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [KAKENHI 15K14590, 16H02518]
    Additional Links
    https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/698301
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1086/698301
    Scopus Count
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    UA Faculty Publications

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