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    Restoring Food Chains for Monarch Butterflies in the Southwestern United States

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    Author
    Buckley, Steve
    Issue Date
    2018
    Keywords
    floristics
    MaxEnt
    monarch butterfly
    plant materials
    restoration
    Advisor
    McClaran, Mitchel
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    The migratory phenomenon of monarch butterflies has many threats to its continued existence. To promote the restoration of monarch butterfly floral corridors and food chains in the desert southwestern United States, this study examined the distribution of 50 important nectar and larval host plants known to support monarch butterflies. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) to model each individual species’ distribution, the study examined the distribution of monarch butterfly plants individually and collectively for cues toward better understanding of potential monarch movement in the desert southwest. The study proposes strategies for protected area management to benefit pollinators and monarchs, as well as for the distribution of monarch food plants at two different geographical scales and throughout the annual yearly cycle of flowering. The results of this study indicate that stacked species distribution models are successful at explaining the presence of monarch butterflies better than a random sample. However, the precision of any predictive value of these findings is limited due to the overall coarseness of the models. The results indicate modeled phenological predictions are generally accurate and overall provide a visualization tool to promote better understanding of the timing and availability of monarch butterfly floristic habitat in the desert southwest. The results suggest an appropriate response for public land managers is to work at increasing the availability of local native plant materials. Whether in the form of wild harvesting or agronomic production, greater availability of locally-sourced native plant materials has the potential to surmount many existing impediments to successful restoration of monarch butterfly populations.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Natural Resources
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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