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    Atypical Flowers Can Be as Profitable as Typical Hummingbird Flowers

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    Name:
    699836.pdf
    Embargo:
    2019-09-12
    Size:
    1.609Mb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Final Published version
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    Author
    Waser, Nickolas M.
    CaraDonna, Paul J.
    Price, Mary V.
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm
    Issue Date
    2018-11
    Keywords
    floral phenotype
    foraging behavior
    hummingbird energy budgets
    hummingbird time budgets
    nectar quantity
    western North America
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
    Citation
    Nickolas M. Waser, Paul J. CaraDonna, and Mary V. Price, "Atypical Flowers Can Be as Profitable as Typical Hummingbird Flowers," The American Naturalist 192, no. 5 (November 2018): 644-653. https://doi.org/10.1086/699836
    Journal
    AMERICAN NATURALIST
    Rights
    © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    In western North America, hummingbirds can be observed systematically visiting flowers that lack the typical reddish color, tubular morphology, and dilute nectar of hummingbird flowers. Curious about this behavior, we asked whether these atypical flowers are energetically profitable for hummingbirds. Our field measurements of nectar content and hummingbird foraging speeds, taken over four decades at multiple localities, show that atypical flowers can be as profitable as typical ones and suggest that the profit can support 24-h metabolic requirements of the birds. Thus, atypical flowers may contribute to successful migration of hummingbirds, enhance their population densities, and allow them to occupy areas seemingly depauperate in suitable resources. These results illustrate what can be gained by attending to the unexpected.
    Note
    12 month embargo; published online: 12 September 2018
    ISSN
    0003-0147
    1537-5323
    PubMed ID
    30332579
    DOI
    10.1086/699836
    Version
    Final published version
    Additional Links
    https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/699836
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1086/699836
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