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    The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Perseus Protostars. VI. Characterizing the Formation Mechanism for Close Multiple Systems

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    Author
    Tobin, John cc
    Looney, Leslie W. cc
    Li, Zhi-Yun
    Sadavoy, Sarah I.
    Dunham, Michael M.
    Segura-Cox, Dominique
    Kratter, Kaitlin M. cc
    Chandler, Claire J.
    Melis, Carl
    Harris, Robert J.
    Perez, Laura cc
    Show allShow less
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ
    Issue Date
    2018-11-01
    Keywords
    binaries: general
    ISM: kinematics and dynamics
    ISM: molecules
    stars: formation
    stars: protostars
    techniques: interferometric
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD
    Citation
    John J. Tobin et al 2018 ApJ 867 43
    Journal
    ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
    Rights
    © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of multiple protostar systems in the Perseus molecular cloud, previously detected by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We observe 17 close (<600 au separation) multiple systems at 1.3 mm in continuum and five molecular lines (i.e., (CO)-C-12, (CO)-O-18, (CO)-C-13, H2CO, SO) to characterize the circum-multiple environments in which these systems are forming. We detect at least one component in the continuum for the 17 multiple systems. In three systems one companion is not detected, and for two systems the companions are unresolved at our observed resolution. We also detect circum-multiple dust emission toward eight out of nine Class 0 multiples. Circum-multiple dust emission is not detected toward any of the eight Class I multiples. Twelve systems are detected in the dense gas tracers toward their disks/inner envelopes. For these 12 systems, we use the dense gas observations to characterize their formation mechanism. The velocity gradients in the circum-multiple gas are clearly orthogonal to the outflow directions in eight out of the 12 systems, consistent with disk fragmentation. Moreover, only two systems with separations <200 au are inconsistent with disk fragmentation, in addition to the two widest systems (>500 au). Our results suggest that disk fragmentation via gravitational instability is an important formation mechanism for close multiple systems, but further statistics are needed to better determine the relative fraction formed via this method.
    ISSN
    1538-4357
    DOI
    10.3847/1538-4357/aae1f7
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    NSF [AST-1616636, AST-1716259, AST-1814762]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [639.041.439]; NASA [NNX14AB38G]
    Additional Links
    http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/867/i=1/a=43?key=crossref.dd859c1b8faa1f4bf143b30347d42a16
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3847/1538-4357/aae1f7
    Scopus Count
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    UA Faculty Publications

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