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    Examining the Relationship between Auditory Function and Cognitive Decline in Aging Macaque Monkeys

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    Author
    Gray, Daniel T.
    Issue Date
    2019
    Keywords
    auditory brainstem response
    diffusion MRI
    presbycusis
    probabilistic tractography
    temporal lobe
    thalamocortical white matter
    Advisor
    Barnes, Carol A.
    
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    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Deficits in auditory function and cognition are hallmarks of normative aging. Recent evidence suggests that hearing-impaired individuals have greater risks of developing cognitive impairment and dementia compared to people with intact auditory function. Little is known regarding the neurobiological bases underlying these associations, partially because they are not well established in animal models of brain aging. The experiments and analyses contained within this thesis were designed to provide insight into the relationship between auditory, visual, and cognitive function. First, two distinct colonies of different macaque species completed a battery of behavioral tests designed to probe frontal and temporal lobe-dependent cognitive functions. Auditory and visual system function was then tested in a subset of the same animals using auditory brainstem response and visual evoked potential electrophysiological recordings. Finally, diffusion magnetic resonance images were acquired from the same subset of animals used in the assessment of auditory and visual system function. Probabilistic tractography methods were used to evaluate the microstructural condition of thalamocortical and corticocortical white matter projection systems associated with sensory function and cognition. Aged monkeys performed more poorly in the cognitive battery, although they were impaired only on certain cognitive functions assessed in the battery, but not others. These same monkeys showed evidence of auditory temporal processing deficits compared with adults, despite auditory thresholds and visual system function not being different between the two age groups. Estimates of auditory temporal processing were correlated with composite cognitive scores, and these associations with behavior were selectively observed with tasks dependent on temporal lobe brain structures. Auditory thresholds and visual system function, on the other hand, were not associated with higher cognitive function. Results from the diffusion tensor imaging experiments showed striking specificity with respect to the relationships between fractional anisotropy in distinct white matter tracts and brain function. Together, the experiments contained within this thesis demonstrate for the first time significant and selective relationships between auditory brainstem responses, thalamocortical and corticocortical connectivity as measured by diffusion MRI, and higher-order cognitive ability. These measures obtained from nonhuman primates should provide deeper mechanistic insights into sensory contributions to cognitive decline in older humans.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Neuroscience
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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