SNAP-Ed Intensity: Effects on Nutritional Outcomes in Arizona

Abstract

There exists considerable literature analyzing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program’s (SNAP) influence on outcomes such as dietary quality and food security. However, research regarding the influence of the educational component of this program (SNAP-Ed) on such outcomes is limited. This study uses individual-level survey data combined with neighborhood food environment and SNAP-Ed activity data at the zip code level from 2011-2013 to investigate the influence of SNAP-Ed on fruit and vegetable intake of adult Arizona residents. Moreover, this study employs a Heckman 2-step model to test and potentially correct for sample selection bias. Focusing on 2013, results suggest the following. First, low-income households living more than 50 miles from offices of the Arizona Department of Economic Security (which provides assistance in signing up for SNAP) are less likely to participate in SNAP. Second, SNAP-Ed reach had a statistically significant positive effect on the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. Results suggest that a 10% increase in SNAP-Ed reach (evaluated at sample means) would lead to a 1% increase in fruit consumption and a 0.5% increase in vegetable consumption.