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    Changing the Paradigm on Human Enhancements: The Special Case of Modifications to Counter Bone Loss for Manned Mars Missions

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    Name:
    Szocik-etal_2019SpacePolicy_Ch ...
    Embargo:
    2021-03-19
    Size:
    343.1Kb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Final Accepted Manuscript
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    Author
    Szocik, Konrad
    Campa, Riccardo
    Rappaport, Margaret Boone
    Corbally, Christopher
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Vatican Observ
    Issue Date
    2019-05
    Keywords
    Human spaceflight
    Mars
    osteoporosis
    Human enhancement
    Ethics
    Policy
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    Citation
    Szocik, K., Campa, R., Rappaport, M. B., & Corbally, C. (2019). Changing the Paradigm on Human Enhancements: The Special Case of Modifications to Counter Bone Loss for Manned Mars Missions. Space Policy, 48, 68-75.
    Journal
    SPACE POLICY
    Rights
    ©2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Among the greatest obstacles to the implementation of crewed space missions are human biological limitations. Difficulties were always envisioned in relation to both Earth's moon and Mars but more so for Mars because long spaceflights would also expose crew to prolonged microgravity conditions, in addition to radiation. The result could well be osteoporosis, bone fractures, and disability. In this article, we do not contest the validity of bone loss studies. Rather, we question a seemingly tacit assumption about the immutability of human nature. Indeed, new, invasive, and noninvasive techniques of human enhancement already allow humans to enjoy modifications that will enable lengthy space missions. The alteration of human DNA has not only aided cancer patients but, for example, by using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing procedure, can also help to prevent damage to limbs and joints that a prolonged Mars mission could cause for the crew. Possible ethical objections to this solution are discussed, and trade-offs between risks and benefits outlined. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Note
    24 month embargo; available online 19 March 2019
    ISSN
    0265-9646
    EISSN
    1879-338X
    DOI
    10.1016/j.spacepol.2019.02.001
    Version
    Final accepted manuscript
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.spacepol.2019.02.001
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UA Faculty Publications

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