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  Homol’ovi III: A Pueblo Hamlet in the Middle Little Colorado River Valley [No. 193]

  Adams, E. Charles (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001)
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  Ceramic Design Structure and the Organization of Cibola White Ware Production in the Grasshopper Region, Arizona [No. 191]

  Van Keuren, Scott (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999)
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  Archaeological Data Recovery at AZ BB:9:72 (ASM), The Band Quarters Kitchen and Corral Wall at Fort Lowell, and AZ BB:9:54 (ASM), A Rincon Phase Habitation Site, Craycroft Road, Tucson, Arizona [No. 163]

  Huntington, Frederick (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1982)
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  The Distribution of Fluted Points in Arizona: A Review and an Update [No. 145]

  Huckell, Bruce B. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1982)

  Since the publication of the first survey of fluted projectile point distribution in Arizona in 1967, a number of fluted points have come to the attention of archaeologists. This report identifies, locates, and briefly describes those Clovis, Folsom, and miscellaneous fluted points not previously discussed in published format, and integrates these with other published records of such points. The distributional information available for Clovis fluted points is refined to show three types of occurrences: Clovis points found in primary site contexts, Clovis points found as isolated artifacts, and Clovis points in mixed or later contexts. Four new sites yielding Clovis points in primary context, 12 new isolated occurrences of Clovis points, and eight Clovis points in mixed or later contexts are documented. Unfortunately, such specific data on type of occurrence are not available for most of the newly reported Folsom fluted points, but a total of 15 new specimens is added to the record of those published previously. Of interest is the fact that eight Folsom preforms broken in manufacture are included in this total. Also, four instances of fluted projectile points of uncertain typological affinities are described, and two are discussed in more detail. Finally, some thoughts are presented on the significance and interpretation of the distribution of fluted points in Arizona.
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  The Arizona State Museum Archaeological Site Survey System [No. 128]

  Gladwin, Winifred; Gladwin, Harold S.; Haury, Emil W.; Rieger, Anne; Sullivan, Alan; Teague, Lynn S.; Vivian, R. Gwinn; Vogler, Lawrence E.; Wasley, William W.; Vogler, Lawrence E. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1980-03)

  The Arizona State Museum (ASM) has been actively engaged in archaeological survey in Arizona for more than 50 years. During this time the Museum successfully developed an integrated site survey system involving field reconnaissance, data recording and storage, and artifact curation. The system has changed over the years to allow for more complete data recording and to accommodate changing use patterns of the site file. For example, the system of manual management of site survey records is currently being supplemented by an automated system of data storage and retrieval. This report combines into one volume documentation for each of the three primary components of the ASM site survey system: field reconnaissance, records maintenance, and curatorial services. It represents the cumulative efforts on the part of a number of individuals who have worked at the Museum through the years. Part I provides a brief history of archaeological survey at the Museum, focusing on the changes that have occurred in the survey system in response to changing Museum and client needs, and a statement of Museum policy relative to use of the site survey file. Part II offers a detailed explanation of the method of site designation employed by the Museum. Part III includes a sample site survey form and instructions for completing the form. Part IV details the proper method of completing ASM site survey cards to allow for the incorporation of survey data into the permanent site survey file. Part V, the ASM SELGEM AZSITE computerization manual, gives data transcription procedures for entering survey data into a computerized site survey file. Part VI provides information on archaeological surveys carried out by the Arizona State Museum between 1895 and 1977. A chronological list of Museum surveys includes the year of the survey, reference to reported survey information, the geographic unit surveyed, and the names of the individuals who carried out the survey. Appendices include a statement by Haury on early goals of the Museum, reproduction of Medallion Papers No. 1, A Method for Designation of Ruins in the Southwest, by Winifred and Harold S. Gladwin, and information pertaining to the ASM site survey form.
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  Hohokam Ballcourts and their Interpretation [No. 160]

  Wilcox, David R.; Sternberg, Charles (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1983-06)

  This report is a systematic, comparative study of Hohokam features inferred to be ballcourts. It is designed to contribute to our understanding of the cultural significance of Snaketown, an internationally renowned national historic landmark. The ballcourt hypothesis is carefully reassessed and supporting evidence is adduced. A model of the changing structure of the Hohokam regional system is derived from an analysis of the ballcourts and other data. Connections between the Southwest and Mesoamerica implied by the ballcourts are also briefly examined, and a new hypothesis of Southwest-Mesoamerican contact is presented. The history of Hohokam ballcourt interpretation is reviewed in Chapter 2, and the reliability of early reports is assessed. The original ballcourt hypothesis, as formulated by Emil Haury at Snaketown in 1935, is discussed in Chapter 3. The influence of the Snaketown work on subsequent studies of Hohokam ballcourts is traced in Chapter 4, and the findings of these later studies are critically evaluated. Mesoamerican ballcourts and the Mesoamerican bailgame are examined in Chapter 5. We argue it was the ballgame, not the ballcourt, that diffused to the Hohokam, probably when pottery and figurines were first introduced. The morphological differences between Hohokam and Mesoamerican courts identified by Edwin Ferdon can thus be explained as a consequence of innovation at a time of organizational change in Hohokam society. The data currently available on 193 Hohokam courts at 154 sites are presented and evaluated in Chapter 6. Eight sites in the Phoenix Basin, including Snaketown, are then closely examined in Chapter 7. New information is presented on the excavation of several ballcourts and the site structure in which they occur. Chapters 8, 9, and 10 analyze the architectural, choreographic, locational, and symbolic structure of the ballcourts. A general model of the Hohokam regional system is developed in Chapter 11. Patterns in the ballcourt data are correlated with changes in complexes of ritual paraphernalia, and cemetery structure, at Snaketown. Interactions between the Hohokam regional system and the Chalchihuites culture via a Tepiman connection are briefly assessed. Chapter 12 concludes the report with a summary of the argument. We assess the value of this report to the National Park Service, and urge renewed efforts to create the Hohokam-Pima National Monument.
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  Hohokam Archaeology Along the Salt Gila Aqueduct Central Arizona Project - Volume VIII: Material Culture, Parts II, III, IV and V [No. 150 Vol. 8, Parts II-V]

  Teague, Lynn S.; Crown, Patricia L. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1984)

  This is the eighth volume of a nine-volume series reporting archaeological investigations in south-central Arizona along the Salt-Gila Aqueduct (SGA), conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) under Contract No. 0-07-32-V0101. The SGA is a 58-mlle-long component of the Central Arizona Project that east of Phoenix and extends to the vicinity of the Picacho Mountains. Specialized analyses of artifacts recovered from 45 sites excavated along the SGA are reported in this volume. The general research questions addressed in each analysis include spatial and temporal variability in Hohokam artifact assemblages. Part II includes reports on lithic materials from SGA sites. In Chapter 1, ground and chipped stone materials are documented with particular emphasis on tabular knives. An X-ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian is reported in Chapter 2. Part III is an extensive study of shell recovered from SGA sites. Part IV is an analysis of SGA bone artifacts. Finally, Part V is a general summary of the specialized analyses.
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  Hohokam Archaeology Along the Salt Gila Aqueduct Central Arizona Project - Volume VIII: Material Culture, Part I [No. 150 Vol. 8, Part I]

  Teague, Lynn S.; Crown, Patricia L. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1984)

  This is the eighth volume of a nine-volume series reporting archaeological investigations in south-central Arizona along the Salt- Gila Aqueduct (SGA), conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) under Contract No. 0-07-32-V0101. The SGA is a 58-mile-long component of the Central Arizona Project that begins east of Phoenix and extends to the vicinity of the Picacho Mountains. Specialized analyses of artifacts recovered from 45 sites excavated along the SGA are reported in this volume. The general research questions addressed in each analysis include spatial and temporal variability in Hohokam artifact assemblages. Part I includes six studies of ceramic artifacts. Chapter 1 is a technological assessment of a large proportion of the plain, red, and buff ware sherds recovered from SGA sites. A functional and technological assessment of whole vessels from the Classic period sites of Los Muertos and Las Fosas, and from three Classic period sites on Queen Creek, is described in Chapter 2. Chapters 3 and 4 report analyses of stylistic attributes on buff ware and polychrome sherds from SGA sites. In Chapter 5, the results of X—ray fluorescence analyses of Hohokam plain ware, red ware, buff ware, and polychrome sherds are presented. Finally, whole vessels, worked sherds, and figurines from all SGA sites are described in Chapter 6.
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  Hohokam Archaeology Along the Salt Gila Aqueduct Central Arizona Project - Volume VI: Habitation Sites on the Gila River, Parts V and VI [No. 150 Vol. 6, Parts V and VI]

  Teague, Lynn S.; Crown, Patricia L. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1983)

  Archaeological investigations of eight prehistoric habitation sites located along the route of the Salt-Gila Aqueduct near the town of Florence are reported in this volume. Of the riverine habitation sites included in this report, two require some additional explanation as to why they are considered in this site category. Sites AZ U:15:84 and AZ U.15.88 were vestiges, or small parts, of larger habitation sites located nearby that were recorded during earlier reconnaisance survey and field testing. Neither site fits the category of specialized activity, thus, both have been subsumed under the category of riverine habitation sites. Of these habitation sites, the Jones Ruin was the the only one located on the north side of the Gila River. All of these sites, however, share similar locations relating to the Gila River floodplain resources and the resources available away from the river on the terraces, ridges, and washes that border this major drainage. Locating habitation structures in positions that allowed the inhabitants to utilize the full range of resources was found to have been the choice from the Santa Cruz through Civano phases of the Hohokam occupation in this area. Remains of the usual set of cultivated plants found at Hohokam sites were recovered from features and structures. A broad range of native resources was exploited as well; most notable is the evidence that agave probably was being grown nearby. Heretofore, unrecorded variations in architecture have revealed a clearer picture of the evolution of aboveground structures usually associated with Classic period sites. Excavations at Las Fosas produced architectural as well as burial data significant for site structure reconstructions. Data from the Dust Bowl Site, the Saguaro Site and the Junkyard Site add to the development sequence of pit house architecture through walled compound habitation units. Data from these sites are complemented by the Sedentary to Classic transition material recovered across the river at the Jones Ruin and from the material collected from the Gopherette Site that was located near large Classic period sites. Summaries include discussions of how these smaller riverine habitation sites related to the relatively larger sites close by, such as the Escalante Ruins, Pueblo Pinal, and the Mesquite Flats Ruins.
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  Whiptail Ruin (AZ BB:10:3 [ASM]): A Classic Period Community in the Northeastern Tucson Basin [No. 203]

  Adams, Jenny L.; Aten, Carl F.; Beck, Lane Anderson; Huckell, Lisa W.; Lombard, James P.; Myers, Laural; Urban, Sharon F.; Gregonis, Linda M.; Hartmann, Gayle Harrison (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011)

  In the 1960s and 1970s, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society volunteers, University of Arizona students, and Pima Community College students excavated Whiptail Ruin, a mid- to late A.D. 1200s village in the northeastern Tucson Basin. This volume presents the results of analyses of the notes and artifacts from work at that site. The village may have been home to hunting specialists. Artiodactyl remains were “stored” in structures in a manner similar to that described for historic O’odham hunting practices. Pottery and lithics from the site show that its residents had strong ties to the Tucson area, as well as to migrants from the Mogollon highlands who moved into the San Pedro Valley in the thirteenth century. And, of interest to chronologists of the region, Whiptail Ruin is one of the first sites in the Tucson Basin to be tree-ring dated. In addition to providing scholars with usable data, the research detailed in this volume shows that information mined from old, archived projects can be relevant and important to today’s archaeological questions.
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  The Prehistory of the Marsh Station Road Site (AZ EE:2:44 [ASM]), Cienega Creek, Southeastern Arizona [No. 202]

  Adams, Karen R.; Copperstone, Chance; Gabler, Brandon M.; Huckleberry, Gary A.; McClelland, John A.; McKee, Brian R.; Pavao-Zuckerman, Barnet; Phillips, Bruce G.; Rawson, Paul M.; Trowbridge, Meaghan A.; et al. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011)

  This volume describes the archaeological investigations and syntheses of research that William Self Associates, Inc. (WSA), conducted at the Marsh Station Road site, an extensive, multi-component, semi-permanent habitation site with occupations spanning the Early Agricultural period through the Hohokam Classic period and located southeast of Tucson.
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  Living on the Edge of the Rim: Excavations and Analysis of the Silver Creek Archaeological Research Project 1993-1998 [No. 192 Vol. 1]

  Dean, Jeffrey S.; Graves, William M., III; Horner, Jennifer Zack; Huckell, Lisa W.; Kaldahl, Eric J.; Newcomb, Joanne M.; Perry, Elizabeth M.; Riggs, Charles R.; Stinson, Susan L.; Triadan, Daniela; et al. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999)
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  The San Rafael Canyon Survey: Reconstructing Eighteenth Century Navajo Population Dynamics in the Dinétah using Archaeological and Dendrochronological Data [No. 190]

  Towner, Ronald H.; Johnson, Byron P.; Proper, Michael J.; Reed, Alan C.; Wheeler, Charles W.; Whitten, Penelope A. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998)
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  Hohokam Archaeology Along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct Central Arizona Project, Volume 3: Excavations at Water World (AZ AA:16:94) - A Rillito Phase Ballcourt Village in the Avra Valley [No. 178, Vol. 3]

  Czaplicki, Jon S.; Ravesloot, John C. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989)

  During 1986 and 1987 archaeologists from the Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, excavated a Rillito phase Hohokam settlement that lay in the right-of-way for the Tucson Aqueduct Phase B, Central Arizona Project. Known as Water World (AZ AA:16:94 ASM), the site is located at the southern end of the Avra Valley on the distal end of a lower bajada of the Tucson Mountains. One hundred and forty-seven features were identified by backhoe trenching and surface stripping, including 45 structures. Fifty-nine features were investigated: 21 structures, a ballcourt, 14 pits or hearths, 21 cremations, a midden deposit, and potbreak. The features were divided into seven house groups, a ballcourt area, and a possible central plaza. The artifactual, nonartifactual, and site structure data suggest that Water World was a formalized ballcourt village that was probably occupied permanently for a relatively short period of time during the Rillito phase (A.O. 700 to 900) of the Colonial period. It is also possible that the site's population increased during the winter months, when residents subsisted on stored food supplies. Water World is located in a nonriverine environment where floodwater farming potential should have been very good. There are, however, tentative hints that agriculture may not have been as intensively practiced as expected. Furthermore, the apparent paucity of the ritual and ceremonial objects that were also expected at a ballcourt site brings into question how the site may have functioned in local Hohokam economic organization.
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  Hohokam Archaeology Along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct Central Arizona Project, Volume 1: Syntheses and Interpretations, Part I [No. 178, Vol. 1 Part I]

  Czaplicki, Jon S.; Ravesloot, John C. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989)

  Excerpt from the Preface: This volume is the first of five volumes that report results of the Tucson Aqueduct Phase B Project. The excavation was funded by the United States Bureau of Reclamation under Contract No. 6-CS-30-03500 from December 1985 to December 1988. Volume l presents syntheses and interpretations of the analyses that resulted from the investigation of 13 Hohokam sites in the Avra Valley west of Tucson, Arizona.
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  Hopi History in Stone: The Tutuveni Petroglyph Site [No. 200]

  Bernardini, Wesley (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009)
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  Relation of “Bonito” Paleo-channels and Base-level Variations to Anasazi Occupation, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico [No. 194]

  Force, Eric R.; Vivian, R. Gwinn; Windes, Thomas C.; Dean, Jeffrey S.; Funkhauser, Gary (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002)

  Late Holocene deposits of Chaco Canyon, rather well known from studies beginning in the 1800s, include a filled prehistoric arroyo that we call the Bonito channel. Extensive dating via detrital ceramics, confirmed by in situ archaeological sites, shows the channel filled from about A.D. 1025 to 1090, earlier than some previous authors thought. Channel cutting may have begun as early as A.D. 900. The development of both the Bonito and modern arroyos is due to the anomalous position of the valley floor in Chaco Canyon, which is perched 4-5 m above and separated from the rest of its drainage network by an eolian dune. This dune apparently formed an effective dam at some times (when valley-floor units formed) but was breached at others (when channels formed). Thus base-level change drove stratigraphic evolution. The Bonito channel system is dendritic, cut in the older Chaco and Gallo units that define the valley floor surface, and is filled to the valley-floor level with little indurated sand and lesser gravel. A single soil-flood plain unit, not as strongly developed as the multiple soils on older units, is present on Bonito channel fill. The timing of base-level change, governed by eolian vs. fluvial energy, is uncertain but seems consistent with dendroclimatic, cultural, and stratigraphic chronologies of Chaco Canyon (new local dendroclimatic data are presented herein). Probably because of the unusual, rather mechanical nature of controls there, the alluvial chronology of Chaco Canyon does not correlate well with others of the region. Anasazi activity seems to have been tuned to changes in the Bonito channel with regard to construction of pueblos, roads, and water control features. Relations between fluvial and cultural features were especially intricate during channel filling, about A.D. 1025-1090, a period of great Chacoan influence and complexity. The extraordinary Chacoan water-control features may have been initiated in response to the Bonito channel system, and at least three Chacoan great houses were built entirely or in part on filled Bonito channels.
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  Living on the Edge of the Rim: Excavations and Analysis of the Silver Creek Archaeological Research Project 1993-1998 [No. 192 Vol. 2]

  Dean, Jeffrey S.; Graves, William M. III; Horner, Jennifer Zack; Huckell, Lisa W.; Kaldahl, Eric J.; Newcomb, Joanne M.; Perry, Elizabeth M.; Riggs, Charles R.; Stinson, Susan L.; Triadan, Daniela; et al. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999)
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  Holocene Depositional History and Anasazi Occupation in McElmo Canyon, Southwestern Colorado [No. 188]

  Force, Eric; Howell, Wayne (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997)

  McElmo Canyon in southwestern Colorado, which drains the Montezuma basin into the San Juan River, contains excellent exposures of Holocene sequences that underlie a broad valley-bottom terrace system. These exposures are the vehicle for this study of the stratigraphy and geometry of fluvial deposits and their contained archaeological remains. Anasazi sites in alluvium range from Basketmaker III to Pueblo III in age, thus providing age guides for the period AD. 500-1300. Fluvial deposits include channel, floodplain, and tributary alluvial fan facies. During times when (and at locales where) the system aggraded, these facies are interbedded and gradational in a way that suggests a braided channel, in contrast to degrading episodes that suggest a meandering channel. Local deposition rate was as great as about three meters in 100 years where distal fan deposits on the northern side of the valley are interbedded with main-channel floodplain deposits. Two main depositional packages are present, separated by an unconformity that mostly formed during the Pueblo I period. The age of this high relief unconformity is apparently diachronous, and the overlying package is certainly diachronous, both suggesting upstream migration of about five kilometers in 200 years. Our stratigraphic record of migrating loci of entrenchment and aggradation corresponds to studies of modern drainages, in which such changes are internal drainage adjustments. However, the broader time intervals of dominant erosion versus deposition are similar to alluvial chronologies elsewhere in the region and are thought to be controlled by climate change. An intricate feedback system apparently operated between sedimentary and geomorphic events on one hand, and Anasazi agriculture and habitation on the other. Agricultural water-control features show the importance of actively aggrading toes of northside fans in Anasazi agriculture. Habitation, situated on adjacent quasi-stable landforms, closely tracked loci of aggradation as these loci migrated. No habitation adjacent to valley segments suffering coeval entrenchment was found. The relation of migrating entrenchment loci and observed Anasazi habitation patterns suggest that the deleterious effects of entrenchment on Anasazi floodland agriculture probably resulted only in migration to nearby loci of deposition. The floodland component of Anasazi agriculture in this region may explain some Anasazi migration patterns that are otherwise anomalous. Adjacent floodlands and uplands, both in zones favorable for agriculture, may be required for successful habitation at certain times. The locations of the zones favorable for each agricultural strategy may vary through time somewhat independently of one another.
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  The Hardy Site at Fort Lowell Park, Tucson, Arizona [No. 175 Revised Edition]

  Gregonis, Linda M.; Reinhard, Karl J.; Hildreth, Mary E. (Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011)

  A small portion of the Hardy site, a large, pre-Classic Hohokam village, was excavated by University of Arizona students and other volunteers between 1976 and 1978. The portion of the site that was excavated revealed houses and associated features dating from the Sweetwater or Snaketown phase through the Late Rincon subphase. Information retrieved from the site was used to examine occupation space use and reuse through time, to better define the Canada del Oro phase, and to propose the inclusion of the Cortaro phase (now subsumed within the Late Rincon subphase) in the Tucson Basin Hohokam cultural sequence.

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