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    A Digital Intervention to Educate Primary Care Providers to Perform Clinical Skin Examination for Melanoma in Underserved Patients

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    Author
    Diesner, Kyla
    Issue Date
    2019
    Keywords
    Clinical skin examination
    Early detection
    Family nurse practitioners
    Melanoma
    Primary care providers
    Underserved
    Advisor
    Loescher, Lois J.
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the U.S. and melanoma is the deadliest type. Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) commonly work as primary care providers (PCPs) to care for underserved patients who are at risk of melanoma, but PCPs generally have a low knowledge of melanoma and low likelihood of performing clinical skin examination (CSE) for those patients. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends that PCPs conduct a thorough skin examination during patient examinations to aid in early detection of suspicious skin lesions. There is little information on how PCPs learn about CSE for melanoma or perform it in practice for their underserved patients. Purpose/Aims: To provide a digital video intervention to educate PCPs including FNPs, about CSE for melanoma in underserved patients. CSE was defined as melanoma risk assessment, head-to-toe skin examination, and skin lesion assessment. Aims were to determine whether scores improved postintervention for 1) CSE knowledge, motivation, and skills and 2) self-reported CSE in practice. Methods: This quality improvement (QI) project targeted a healthcare organization in Southern Arizona that served homeless, low income, Medicaid-eligible, Native American, migrant farmworkers, and rural populations. Recruited were 14 PCPs working in the organization’s six regional clinics. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model guided the project. Participants completed an online pretest measuring CSE information (melanoma in underserved populations, risk factors), motivation (for conducting CSE), behavior skills (for CSE) and behavior change outcomes for CSE (number performed in practice). The intervention consisted of four brief videos previously tested for feasibility, each less than seven minutes long and delivered digitally. The videos covered melanoma in underserved populations and the CSE components. Participants completed an identical online posttest two weeks postintervention. Results: All data were self-reported and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Six PCPs recruited (42.9%) participated: all were FNPs with a mean age of 39.83 years and a mean of 3.33 years of primary care experience. Scores for information, motivation and behavioral skills all improved from pretest to posttest: the proportion of correct scores for information improved from 62.5% to 81.2%. Mean scores for motivation improved from 3.81 to 3.98 (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree). Mean percent of correct responses for head-to-toe skin examination steps improved from 16.7% to 50%. Overall mean percent of correct answers for skin lesion assessment improved from 70.8% to 71.9%. The mean number of CSEs performed in practice increased from 1.33 to 9.50. Conclusion: The results show potential to provide a video intervention within this and other organizations to improve FNPs’ CSE skills and motivate FNPs to use those skills while caring for underserved patients. FNPs may need further instruction on skin lesion assessment. Future research directions include conducting a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of the intervention on CSE outcomes and to further inform evidence-based practice for FNPs. Future directions considered by the organization are 1) showcasing the videos at upcoming provider meetings and 2) integrating the videos into PCP orientations. Future directions for education include securing continuing education credits for the intervention.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    D.N.P.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Nursing
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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