The SPIRITS Sample of Luminous Infrared Transients: Uncovering Hidden Supernovae and Dusty Stellar Outbursts in Nearby Galaxies
Name:
Jencson_2019_ApJ_886_40.pdf
Size:
8.079Mb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Final Published Version
Author
Jencson, Jacob E.
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Adams, Scott M.
Bond, Howard E.

De, Kishalay
Johansson, Joel
Karambelkar, Viraj
Lau, Ryan M.
Tinyanont, Samaporn

Ryder, Stuart D.
Cody, Ann Marie

Masci, Frank J.
Bally, John
Blagorodnova, Nadejda
Castellón, Sergio
Fremling, Christoffer
Gehrz, Robert D.
Helou, George
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Milne, Peter A.
Morrell, Nidia
Perley, Daniel A.
Phillips, M. M.
SMITH, NATHAN
van Dyk, Schuyler D.
Williams, Robert E.
Affiliation
Univ Arizona, Steward ObservIssue Date
2019-11-18Keywords
dust, extinctioninfrared: general
stars: massive
supernovae: general
supernovae: individual (SPIRITS 14buu, SPIRITS 15c, SPIRITS 15ud, SPIRITS 16ix; SPIRITS 16tn, SPIRITS 17lb)
Metadata
Show full item recordPublisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTDCitation
Jacob E. Jencson et al 2019 ApJ 886 40Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNALRights
Copyright © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Collection Information
This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.Abstract
We present a systematic study of the most luminous (M-IR [Vega magnitudes] brighter than ?14) infrared (IR) transients discovered by the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS) between 2014 and 2018 in nearby galaxies (D < 35 Mpc). The sample consists of nine events that span peak IR luminosities of M-[4.5],M-peak between ?14 and ?18.2, show IR colors between 0.2;<;([3.6]?[4.5]);<;3.0, and fade on timescales between 55 days;t(fade);<;480 days. The two reddest events (A(V) > 12) show multiple, luminous IR outbursts over several years and have directly detected, massive progenitors in archival imaging. With analyses of extensive, multiwavelength follow-up, we suggest the following possible classifications: five obscured core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), two erupting massive stars, one luminous red nova, and one intermediate-luminosity red transient. We define a control sample of all optically discovered transients recovered in SPIRITS galaxies and satisfying the same selection criteria. The control sample consists of eight CCSNe and one Type;Iax SN. We find that 7 of the 13 CCSNe in the SPIRITS sample have lower bounds on their extinction of 2;A(V);<;8. We estimate a nominal fraction of CCSNe in nearby galaxies that are missed by optical surveys as high as <CDATA<i (90% confidence). This study suggests that a significant fraction of CCSNe may be heavily obscured by dust and therefore undercounted in the census of nearby CCSNe from optical searches.ISSN
0004-637XVersion
Final published versionSponsors
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF)ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3847/1538-4357/ab4a01
Scopus Count
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
SPIRITS 15c and SPIRITS 14buu: Two Obscured Supernovae in the Nearby Star-forming Galaxy IC 2163Jencson, Jacob E.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Johansson, Joel; Contreras, Carlos; Castellón, Sergio; Bond, Howard E.; Monson, Andrew J.; Masci, Frank; Cody, Ann Marie; Andrews, Jennifer E.; et al. (IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017-03-15)SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey-SPIRITS-is an ongoing survey of nearby galaxies searching for infrared (IR) transients with Spitzer/IRAC. We present the discovery and follow-up observations of one of our most luminous (M-[4.5] = -17.1 +/- 0.4 mag, Vega) and reddest ([3.6] - [4.5] = 3.0 +/- 0.2 mag) transients, SPIRITS 15c. The transient was detected in a dusty spiral arm of IC. 2163 (D approximate to 35.5 Mpc). Pre-discovery ground-based imaging revealed an associated, shorter-duration transient in the optical and near-IR (NIR). NIR spectroscopy showed a broad (approximate to 8400 km s(-1)), double-peaked emission line of He I at 1.083 mu m, indicating an explosive origin. The NIR spectrum of SPIRITS 15c is similar to that of the Type IIb SN 2011dh at a phase of approximate to 200 days. Assuming an A(V) = 2.2 mag of extinction in SPIRITS 15c provides a good match between their optical light curves. The NIR light curves, however, show some minor discrepancies when compared with SN 2011dh, and the extreme [3.6]-[4.5] color has not been previously observed for any SN IIb. Another luminous (M-4.5 = -16.1 +/- 0.4 mag) event, SPIRITS 14buu, was serendipitously discovered in the same galaxy. The source displays an optical plateau lasting greater than or similar to 80 days, and we suggest a scenario similar to the low-luminosity Type. IIP SN 2005cs obscured by A(V) approximate to 1.5 mag. Other classes of IR-luminous transients can likely be ruled out in both cases. If both events are indeed SNe, this may suggest that greater than or similar to 18% of nearby core-collapse SNe are missed by currently operating optical surveys.
-
The development of urban Two-Spirit communities and the role of American Indian poets Paula Gunn Allen and Janice GouldTapahonso, Luci; Ishcomer, Brandie A. (The University of Arizona., 2003)This thesis seeks to examine the factors that contributed to the development of Two-Spirit (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender/sexuality variant American Indians) communities in urban areas. Secondly, it explores how these communities are reflected in the poetry of American Indian women Paula Gunn Allen and Janice Gould. This paper investigates these questions within the context of two theories on community development and organization, one by Saul Alinsky and the other by Stephen Cornell. Next it discusses gender and sexuality variance in American Indian tribal societies as reflected in studies conducted during the 1910s through the 1950s. Thirdly, it examines the development of community and constituency of the international Two-Spirit community within the framework of Alinsky and Cornell's theories. Lastly, it will look at the role of contemporary American Indian poets, Paula Gunn Allen and Janice Gould, in the shaping and actualization of urban Two-Spirit communities.
-
Alcohol Misuse and Associations with Childhood Maltreatment and Out-of-Home Placement among Urban Two-Spirit American Indian and Alaska Native PeopleYuan, Nicole; Duran, Bonnie; Walters, Karina; Pearson, Cynthia; Evans-Campbell, Tessa; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona (MDPI, 2014-10-14)This study examined associations between alcohol misuse and childhood maltreatment and out-of-home placement among urban lesbian, gay, and bisexual (referred to as two-spirit) American Indian and Alaska Native adults. In a multi-site study, data were obtained from 294 individuals who consumed alcohol during the past year. The results indicated that 72.3% of men and 62.4% of women engaged in hazardous and harmful alcohol use and 50.8% of men and 48.7% of women met criteria for past-year alcohol dependence. The most common types of childhood maltreatment were physical abuse among male drinkers (62.7%) and emotional abuse (71.8%) among female drinkers. Men and women reported high percentages of out-of-home placement (39% and 47%, respectively). Logistic multiple regressions found that for male drinkers boarding school attendance and foster care placement were significant predictors of past-year alcohol dependence. For female drinkers, being adopted was significantly associated with a decreased risk of past-year drinking binge or spree. Dose-response relationships, using number of childhood exposures as a predictor, were not significant. The results highlight the need for alcohol and violence prevention and intervention strategies among urban two-spirit individuals.