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    KELT-9 b’s Asymmetric TESS Transit Caused by Rapid Stellar Rotation and Spin–Orbit Misalignment

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    Ahlers_2020_AJ_160_4.pdf
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    Author
    Ahlers, John P.
    Johnson, Marshall C.
    Stassun, Keivan G.
    Colón, Knicole D.
    Barnes, Jason W.
    Stevens, Daniel J.
    Beatty, Thomas cc
    Gaudi, B. Scott
    Collins, Karen A.
    Rodriguez, Joseph E.
    Ricker, George
    Vanderspek, Roland
    Latham, David
    Seager, Sara
    Winn, Joshua
    Jenkins, Jon M.
    Caldwell, Douglas A.
    Goeke, Robert F.
    Osborn, Hugh P.
    Paegert, Martin
    Rowden, Pam
    Tenenbaum, Peter
    Show allShow less
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Astron
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ
    Issue Date
    2020-06-05
    Keywords
    Exoplanets
    Hot Jupiters
    Exoplanet evolution
    Stellar rotation
    Gravity darkening
    von Zeipel theorem
    Exoplanet astronomy
    Transit photometry
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD
    Citation
    John P. Ahlers et al 2020 AJ 160 4
    Journal
    ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
    Rights
    Copyright © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    KELT-9 b is an ultra-hot Jupiter transiting a rapidly rotating, oblate early-A-type star in a polar orbit. We model the effect of rapid stellar rotation on KELT-9 b's transit light curve using photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to constrain the planet's true spin-orbit angle and to explore how KELT-9 b may be influenced by stellar gravity darkening. We constrain the host star's equatorial radius to be 1.089 +/- 0.017 times as large as its polar radius and its local surface brightness to vary by similar to 38% between its hot poles and cooler equator. We model the stellar oblateness and surface brightness gradient and find that it causes the transit light curve to lack the usual symmetry around the time of minimum light. We take advantage of the light-curve asymmetry to constrain KELT-9 b's true spin-orbit angle (87 degrees(+10 degrees)(-11 degrees)), agreeing with Gaudi et al. that KELT-9 b is in a nearly polar orbit. We also apply a gravity-darkening correction to the spectral energy distribution model from Gaudi et al. and find that accounting for rapid rotation gives a better fit to available spectroscopy and yields a more reliable estimate for the star's polar effective temperature.
    ISSN
    0004-6256
    DOI
    10.3847/1538-3881/ab8fa3
    Version
    Final published version
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3847/1538-3881/ab8fa3
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UA Faculty Publications

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