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    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 65 (2012)
    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 65, Number 2 (March 2012)
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    Stocking Rate and Riparian Vegetation Effects on Physical Characteristics of Riparian Zones of Midwestern Pastures

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    Author
    Bear, Douglas A.
    Russell, James R.
    Tufekcioglu, Mustafa
    Isenhart, Thomas M.
    Morrical, Daniel G.
    Kovar, John L.
    Issue Date
    2012-03-01
    Keywords
    cover
    grazing
    stream bank erosion
    sward height
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Bear, D. A., Russell, J. R., Tufekcioglu, M., Isenhart, T. M., Morrical, D. G., & Kovar, J. L. (2012). Stocking rate and riparian vegetation effects on physical characteristics of riparian zones of Midwestern pastures. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(2), 119-128.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642617
    DOI
    10.2111/REM-D-11-00133.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Grazing at high stocking rates may increase sediment and nutrient loading of pasture streams through transport in precipitation runoff and bank erosion. A 3-yr (2007-2009) grazing study was conducted on 13 cool-season grass pastures to quantify effects of stocking rate and botanical composition on forage sward height, proportions of bare and manure-covered ground, and bank erosion adjacent to streams. Pastures ranged from 2 ha to 107 ha with stream reaches of 306 m to 1 778 m that drained watersheds of 253 ha to 5 660 ha. Bare and manure-covered ground were measured at a 15.2-m distance perpendicular to the stream at 30.5-m intervals at up to 30 locations on each side of the stream by the line transect method in May, July, September, and November of each year. At the midpoint of the 15.2-m line, forage sward height was measured with a falling plate meter(4.8 kg m-2) and plant species identified. In November 2006, fiberglass pins (1.6 X 76.2 cm) were driven 73.7 cm into the stream bank at 1-m intervals from the streambed to the top of the bank along 10 equidistant transect locations on each side of the stream to measure bank erosion during spring, summer, and fall of each year. Increasing pasture stocking rates increased manure-covered ground and decreased sward height, but did not affect proportions of bare ground. The greatest, intermediate, and least net soil erosion rates occurred during the winter/early spring, late spring/early summer, and late summer/fall seasons.Stocking rates between measurements, expressed as cow-days m-1 stream, were not related to bank erosion. Increasing stocking rates per unit of stream length will increase manure cover and decrease forage sward height, but not affect proportions of bare ground or bank erosion rates adjacent to pasture streams. Therefore, managing stocking rates may reduce nutrient loading of pasture streams./La alta densidad de pastoreo puede incrementar la carga de los sedimentos y nutrientes en los arroyos que atraviesan los pastizales mediante el transporte de los escurrimientos y bancos de erosión. Un estudio de pastoreo de tres años (2007–2009) se llevó a cabo en trece pastizales compuestos de especies de pastos invernales para evaluar los efectos de la densidad de pastoreo y la composición botánica sobre la altura del corte del pasto, proporción de suelo desnudo y proporción de suelo cubierto con estiércol, y los bancos de erosión contiguos a los arroyos. Los pastizales oscilaron de 2 ha a 107 ha, con longitudes de arroyos de 306 m a 1178 m que drenaron cuencas de 253 ha a 5660 ha. Suelo desnudo y cubierto por estiércol fue medido a un distancia de 15.2 m perpendicular al arrollo, a intervalos de 30.5 m, en 30 sitios a cada lado del arroyo mediante el método de transecto lineal durante Mayo, Julio, Septiembre, y Noviembre de cada año. En el punto medio de la línea de 15.2 m, la altura del corte delas plantas se midió con la técnica del plato descendiente (4.8 kg m-2) y se identificaron las especies de plantas. En Noviembre de 2006, pernos de fibra de vidrio (1.6 X 76.2 cm) fueron puestos a 73.7 cm dentro del banco del arroyo a intervalos de 1 m del cauce a la parte superior del banco a lo largo de 10 localidades equidistantes del transecto en cada lado del arroyo para medir el banco de erosión durante la primavera, verano y otoño de cada año. El incremento en la intensidad de pastoreo incrementó la cobertura de estiércol y redujo la altura de la vegetación pero no afectó la proporción del suelo desnudo. El mayor intermedio y la menor tasa de erosión se presentaron durante las épocas de invierno/inicio de la primavera, finales de la primavera/inicio del verano, y al final del verano/otoño. La densidad de pastoreo cuando las mediciones se expresaron como días-vaca m-1 arroyo, no fueron relacionadas con el banco de erosión. Incrementos en la densidad de pastoreo por unidad de longitud de arroyo aumentaron en el incremento en la cobertura de estiércol y disminuyeron la altura de los pastos, pero no afectaron las proporciones de suelo desnudo o la tasa de erosión del banco adyacente a los arroyos de los pastizales. Entonces, se concluye que si se maneja la densidad de pastoreo se podría reducir la carga de nutrientes en los arroyos de los pastizales.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/REM-D-11-00133.1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 65, Number 2 (March 2012)

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