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    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 63 (2010)
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    One-Seed Juniper Sapling Use by Goats in Relation to Stocking Density and Mixed Grazing With Sheep

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    Author
    Utsumi, Santiago A.
    Cibils, Andres F.
    Estell, Richard E.
    Baker, Terrell T.
    Walker, John W.
    Issue Date
    2010-05-01
    Keywords
    diet mixing
    grazing systems
    juniper control
    targeted grazing
    
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    Citation
    Utsumi, S. A., Cibils, A. F., Estell, R. E., Baker, T. T., & Walker, J. W. (2010). One-seed juniper sapling use by goats in relation to stocking density and mixed grazing with sheep. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 63(3), 373-386.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642798
    DOI
    10.2111/08-215.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Suppression of one-seed juniper (Juniper monosperma [Englem.] Sarg.) reinvasion with goats requires achieving levels of defoliation of newly established saplings that eventually kill or suppress plant growth. We tested the effects of stocking density and mixed grazing with sheep on the level of use of one-seed juniper saplings by goats. In summer and spring, groups of 10 does (goats alone, GA) or 5 does and 4 ewes (mixed grazing, MG), grazed 20 X 30 m cells infested with saplings (500-533 ha-1; mean: 0.8 m tall), either continuously for 6 d (low stocking density, LD) or with daily rotation through 10 X 10 m cells during the 6-d period (high stocking density, HD) in a block design. Feeding activity; juniper in feces; utilization of herbaceous vegetation; frequency of saplings with light, moderate, and heavy foliage and bark use; and branch utilization were determined. Goats in HD spent more time feeding on saplings, less time feeding on herbaceous forages, and tended to consume more juniper than goats in LD. Utilization of herbaceous vegetation ranged from 52% to 73% and was higher for MG than GA and for LD than HD. The MG-HD treatment resulted in the highest frequency of short saplings (< 0.5 m) with heavy defoliation in summer and spring, and lowest frequency of saplings with light debarking in spring. Heavy defoliation was more frequent in short saplings, whereas heavy debarking was more frequent in tall (> 1 m) saplings. Sapling mortality was not affected by treatments (P > 0.05) and averaged 5% across treatments. Branch debarking was greater in spring (P = 0.02) and explained approximately 80% of branch mortality and 62% and 52% of the reduction in sapling live crown height and volume. Branch utilization (percent length) was not affected by grazing treatments (range: 45-48%), but was influenced by the length and diameter of branches. This study suggests that high stocking density and mixed grazing stimulate feeding behaviors that increase utilization of juniper saplings by goats. Susceptibility of saplings to defoliation and debarking varies with sapling size, branch structure, and season. Targeted grazing in spring appears to have a greater impact on sapling suppression and branch mortality due to higher debarking frequency. 
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/08-215.1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 63, Number 3 (May 2010)

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