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    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 64 (2011)
    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 64, Number 2 (March 2011)
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    Aspen Recovery Since Wolf Reintroduction on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range

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    Author
    Kimble, David S.
    Tyers, Daniel B.
    Robinson-Cox, Jim
    Sowell, Bok F.
    Issue Date
    2011-03-01
    Keywords
    browse
    Cervus elaphus
    elk
    Populus tremuloides
    recruitment
    trophic cascade
    
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    Citation
    Kimble, D. S., Tyers, D. B., Robison-Cox, J., & Sowell, B. F. (2011). Aspen recovery since wolf reintroduction on the northern Yellowstone winter range. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 64(2), 119-130.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642850
    DOI
    10.2111/REM-D-10-00018.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) recruitment and overstory stem densities were sampled in 315 clones in 1991 and 2006 on 560 km2 of the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range (NYWR). A primary objective was to observe if aspen status had improved from 1991 to 2006: evidence of a wolf (Canis lupus) caused trophic cascade. Recruitment stems (height > 2 m and diameter at breast height < 5 cm) represent recent growth of aspen sprouts above elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing height, whereas overstory stems (all stems > 2 m) represent the cohort of stems, which will insure the sustainability of the clone. Overstory stem densities declined by 12% (P = 0.04) on the landscape scale when compared with paired t-tests. Overstory stems declined in 58% of individual clones and in 63% of the 24 drainages of the study area. The second objective was to determine which factors influenced changes in aspen density. Winter ungulate browsing (P=0.0001), conifer establishment (P=0.0001), and cattle (Bos spp.) grazing (P = 0.016) contributed to the decline in overstory stem densities when analyzed using a mixed effects model of log transformed medians. Eighty percent of the clones were classified as having medium to high browsing levels in 1991, whereas 65% of the clones received a similar rating in 2006, possibly due to the reduced NYWR elk population. Aspen recruitment has increased in some 2-10 km2 areas, but not consistently. Our study found that a trophic cascade of wolves, elk, and aspen, resulting in a landscape-level recovery of aspen, is not occurring at this time.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/REM-D-10-00018.1
    Scopus Count
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    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 64, Number 2 (March 2011)

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