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    Land-Use Legacies and Vegetation Recovery 90 Years After Cultivation in Great Basin Sagebrush Ecosystems

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    Author
    Morris, L. R.
    Monaco, T. A.
    Sheley, R. L.
    Issue Date
    2011-09-01
    Keywords
    alternate stable states
    dry farming
    ex-arable fields
    old fields
    secondary succession
    site history
    
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    Citation
    Morris, L. R., Monaco, T. A., & Sheley, R. L. (2011). Land-use legacies and vegetation recovery 90 years after cultivation in Great Basin sagebrush ecosystems. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 64(5), 488-497.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642894
    DOI
    10.2111/REM-D-10-00147.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
     Agricultural land use is known to alter ecological processes, and native plant communities can require decades to centuries to recover from the disturbance of cultivation. ‘‘Recovery’’ is typically measured by comparison to undisturbed adjacent sites as a control. Recovery following cultivation in sagebrush ecosystems of the Great Basin remains largely unexamined even though nearly a half million hectares of land were dry-farmed and abandoned in the early 1900s. We tested the hypothesis that the native vegetation has not recovered from this exotic disturbance by evaluating differences in canopy cover of shrubs, grasses, and forbs between paired sets of historically dry-farmed land and adjacent never-cultivated areas. Paired sites were located in three ecological sites in northwestern Utah. We found that vegetation recovery from cultivation is variable by growth form, species, and ecological site. Shrub recovery was different among sagebrush (Artemisia) species. Yellow rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus [Hook.] Nutt.) and black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus [Hook.] Torr.), which often increase following disturbance, maintained higher cover inside old fields. At one of the paired sets, shrub composition was altered from a mix of four species to dominance of mainly Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle Young). Total forb cover was generally lower in cultivated areas and some species, such as spiny phlox (Phlox hoodii Richardson), had not recovered. The most common grass species encountered across all ecological sites, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey), had higher cover in cultivated areas. Surprisingly, exotic annual species, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), did not dominate these sites as they have for decades after cultivation in other areas of the Great Basin. This study demonstrates that the land-use legacy of dry farming on vegetation remains nearly a century after cultivation has ceased, and has direct implications for describing ecological site conditions. Resumen Es sabido que la actividad agr ́ıcola altera los procesos ecolo ́gicos y las comunidades de plantas nativas pueden requerir de ́cadas o siglos para recuperarse del disturbio provocado por el cultivo. La ‘‘Recuperacio ́n’’ es mide normalmente, comparando un sitio con disturbio con otro sin disturbio como control. La recuperacio ́n de los ecosistemas de artemisa del Great Basin, en los Estados Unidos de Norteame ́rica permanece sin investigar aun cuando cerca de medio millo ́n de hecta ́reas de tierra fueron abiertas al cultivo y despue ́s abandonadas a principios del 1900. Probamos la hipo ́tesis de que la vegetacio ́n nativa no se ha recuperado de ese disturbio, evaluando diferencias en la cubierta del dosel de arbustos, pastos y hierbas entre parcelas pares; una histo ́ricamente cultivada en condiciones de temporal y otra parcela adyacente nunca cultivada. Las parcelas apareadas fueron ubicadas en tres sitios ecolo ́gicos en la parte noroeste de Utah. Encontramos que la recuperacio ́n de la vegetacio ́n por efecto del cultivo es variable por formas de crecimiento, especies y sitio ecolo ́gico. La recuperacio ́n de los arbustos fue diferente entre las especies de artemisas. Las especies Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. y Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. que normalmente incrementan despue ́s del disturbio mantuvieron alta cobertura en las tierras de cultivo abandonadas. En uno de los grupos de parcelas, la composicio ́n de arbustos fue dominada principalmente, por cuatro especies Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle Young. La cubierta de hierbas fue generalmente baja en a ́reas cultivadas y algunas especies como Phlox hoodii Richardson no tuvieron recuperacio ́n. La especie de pasto comu ́nmente encontrada en todos los sitios ecolo ́gicos fue, Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey que mostro alta cobertura en areas cultivadas. Sorpresivamente, especies exo ́ticas anuales como Bromus tectorum L no dominaron esos sitios como lo han hecho por de ́cadas en tierras abiertas al cultivo en otras partes de la Great Basin. Este estudio demuestra que la herencia dejada por la agricultura en condiciones de temporal se mantiene despue ́s de casi un siglo que la actividad agrı ́cola haya terminado y tiene implicaciones directas para describir la condicio ́n de sitio ecolo ́gico.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/REM-D-10-00147.1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 64, Number 5 (September 2011)

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