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    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62 (2009)
    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62, Number 5 (September 2009)
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    Learning and Dietary Choice in Herbivores

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    Author
    Villalba, Juan J.
    Provenza, Frederick D.
    Issue Date
    2009-09-01
    Keywords
    aversions
    choice
    diet selection
    flavor
    postingestive feedback
    preference
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Villalba, J. J., & Provenza, F. D. (2009). Learning and dietary choice in herbivores. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 62(5), 399-406.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643045
    DOI
    10.2111/08-076.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Herbivores select diets from an array of plant species that vary in nutrients and plant secondary metabolites (PSM). The outcome is a diet higher in nutrients and lower in PSM than the average available in the environment. Food preferences in herbivores are controlled by dietary cues (i.e., flavor) associatively conditioned by the food’s postingestive actions. The senses of smell, taste, and sight enable animals to discriminate among foods. Postingestive feedback calibrates sensory experiences—like or dislike—in accord with past and present experiences with a food’s utility to the body. Thus, food selection can be viewed as the quest for substances in the external environment that provide a homeostatic benefit to the internal environment. Livestock form preferences for foods that supply needed nutrients and medicines and avoid foods that provide excesses of PSM and nutrients. In order to manifest this plasticity, animals need a variety of foods instead of being constrained to a single food or monoculture. Under natural conditions where diversity of plants is the rule, not the exception, eating a variety of foods is how animals meet their nutrient requirements and cope with—and likely benefit from—PSM in their diets. At certain doses, PSM may provide beneficial effects to herbivores and favor plant persistence and adaptability. If herbivores learn to utilize multiple plants, the costs of consuming PSM on animal production and well-being could be minimized and the benefits of PSM enhanced. Once individuals learn about the contextual benefits of consuming diverse foods, social models (e.g., mothers) could train new generations of herbivores by observational learning. We propose that by combining the concepts of animal learning and food diversity, it will be possible to create sustainable grazing systems with less dependence on fossil fuels and with enhanced benefits for soils, plants, herbivores, and people. 
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/08-076.1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62, Number 5 (September 2009)

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