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    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62 (2009)
    • Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62, Number 5 (September 2009)
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    Opuntia Forage Production Systems: Status and Prospects for Rangeland Application

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    Author
    Guevara, J. C.
    Suassuna, P.
    Felker, P.
    Issue Date
    2009-09-01
    Keywords
    cold hardiness
    cultural practices
    economic feasibility
    fertilization
    progeny
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Guevara, J. C., Suassuna, P., & Felker, P. (2009). Opuntia forage production systems: status and prospects for rangeland application. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 62(5), 428-434.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Rangeland Ecology & Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643048
    DOI
    10.2111/08-226.1
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    This paper reports recent findings in Opuntia genetics, nutrient fertilization, and cultivation with promise to overcome limitations for Opuntia-based forage production systems. The essentially spineless, fast-growing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. has been planted on millions of hectares for forage in tropical areas of Brazil and North Africa. The spiny, cold-hardy Opuntia species have been used for forage in Mexico and the southwestern United States, after the cladodes have been chopped or singed to remove the spines. Due to the recent increases in fuel prices, burning of the spines is more costly. Where only spiny varieties exist, some range animals forage on them without manipulation. As a result, spines frequently penetrate and form lesions on mouth and esophageal tissues, leading to serious health issues. Slow growth and low protein (ca. 5%) of the native Opuntia spiny species on nonfertilized rangeland is an impediment to greater use of Opuntia for forage. The only spineless species adaptable to US Department of Agriculture cold hardiness zones, 8 (i.e., Opuntia ellisiana Griffiths) is relatively slow growing. Full sibling crosses indicate spine heritability is probably single-gene controlled. Interspecific hybrids between the frost-sensitive, fast-growing, and spineless O. ficus-indica with cold-hardy, spiny, slower-growing O. lindheimerii Engelm. have produced spineless progeny, with greater cold hardiness than O. ficus-indica, and greater productivity than cold-hardy, spineless O. ellisiana. Nitrogen limitations on water-use efficiency of Opuntia have been overcome for the 120 million ha of semiarid northeastern Brazil with added nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. With control of competing vegetation and fertilization, this system has 40 t dry matter ha-1 of 9.2% crude protein forage with 600 mm rainfall in 16 mo. Opuntia ficus-indica plantations were profitable even though a duplication of fertilizer current prices was considered. 
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2111/08-226.1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, Volume 62, Number 5 (September 2009)

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