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    Community characteristics of old-growth western juniper woodlands

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    Author
    Waichler, W. S.
    Miller, R. F.
    Doescher, P. S.
    Issue Date
    2001-09-01
    Keywords
    eolian soils
    terrain
    tree age
    seral stages
    stand density
    disturbed soils
    stand structure
    soil depth
    ground cover
    understory
    climax communities
    stand characteristics
    sandy soils
    species diversity
    Juniperus occidentalis
    slope
    aspect
    Oregon
    plant communities
    plant litter
    botanical composition
    canopy
    soil texture
    altitude
    Juniperus occidentalis
    structures
    pinyon-juniper
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    Citation
    Waichler, W. S., Miller, R. F., & Doescher, P. S. (2001). Community characteristics of old-growth western juniper woodlands. Journal of Range Management, 54(5), 518-527.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643586
    DOI
    10.2307/4003580
    10.2458/azu_jrm_v54i5_waichler
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    While considerable attention has been given to the areal expansion of juniper (Juniperus sp.) in the western United States, the presence and ecological significance of old-growth juniper communities has gone largely unnoted. Increased recognition of these communities has prompted questions about how to recognize old-growth, community structure, ecological importance, and appropriate management. As an initial analysis of old-growth western juniper woodlands (Juniperus occidentalis Hook var. occidentalis Vasek) in central Oregon, this study investigated old-growth community structure on eolian-sand derived soils. These woodlands represent the most extensive old-growth western juniper woodlands throughout its range. Nine study plots were established at 7 sites. Within each plot, densities and physical attributes of all live trees and large standing and fallen woody detritus were recorded. Additional measurements for live trees included canopy cover, apparent age class (pre- or postsettlement), and a sampling of tree ages. Aging of trees older than 250 years was complicated by extensive heartwood rot. Shrub density and cover were measured by species. Understory cover was measured by species and functional type. Bare ground, rock, juniper litter, other litter, moss, and cryptogamic crust cover were also measured. Plant cover ranged from 11 to 33% for trees, 0 to 10% for shrubs, 3 to 12% for perennial grasses, 1 to 2% for forbs, and from 0 to 0.1% for annual grasses. The woodlands contained at least 80 trees ha(-1) aged over 200 years. Correlations between tree parameters and understory structure and composition were generally poor. Differences in plant composition among these stands was primarily attributed to elevation, slope, and percent sand content. Structural characteristics that distinguished old-growth stands from younger stands included tree growth form, presence of standing and dead large woody debris, lichen on dead branches, and a relatively open canopy. Results provide a preliminary basis for identifying old-growth Juniperus occidentalis stands, as a prelude to the development of management plans and further research into the functional characteristics of the systems. A definition of old-growth juniper woodlands is presented.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/4003580
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 54, Number 5 (September 2001)

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