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    Seed biology of rush skeletonweed in sagebrush steppe

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    Author
    Liao, J. D.
    Monsen, S. B.
    Anderson, V. J.
    Shaw, N. L.
    Issue Date
    2000-09-01
    Keywords
    Chondrilla juncea
    invasive plant species
    viability
    seed weight
    ambient temperature
    rain
    seedlings
    Idaho
    seed germination
    introduced species
    altitude
    Chondrilla juncea L.
    Pacific Northwest
    rangeland weeds
    cereal crop weed
    invasive species
    germination
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    Citation
    Liao, J. D., Monsen, S. B., Anderson, V. J., & Shaw, N. L. (2000). Seed biology of rush skeletonweed in sagebrush steppe. Journal of Range Management, 53(5), 544-549.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643806
    DOI
    10.2307/4003656
    10.2458/azu_jrm_v53i5_liao
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) is an invasive, herbaceous, long-lived perennial species of Eurasian or Mediterranean origin now occurring in many locations throughout the world. In the United States, it occupies over 2.5 million ha of rangeland in the pacific Northwest and California. Despite the ecological and economic significance of this species, little is known of the ecology and life history characteristics of North American populations. The purpose of this study was to examine seed germination characteristics of 2 populations of rush skeletonweed in Idaho. Seeds from rush skeletonweed plants in southwestern Idaho were collected during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Mature seeds were harvested on 6 dates between early July and early October 1994, and on 5 dates between early July and late September 1995. Fresh seeds from each harvest period were measured to determine seed weight, total germination, rate of germination, and viability (tetrazolium staining [TZ]) of non-germinating seeds. An aliquot of seeds collected in 1994 was also stored for 1 year to examine the effects of seed storage on germination. In southwestern Idaho, rush skeletonweed produces seeds continuously from mid-July through October. Seeds were capable of immediate germination without scarification or wet prechilling. Total germination generally ranged from 60 to 100% throughout the entire seed production period. Germination was also rapid, reaching 50% of total germination in less than 12 days. In general, germination was higher at the lower incubation temperature regime (20/10 degrees C), perhaps reflecting origins of this species in Mediterranean winter rainfall regions. The TZ testing indicated that 30 to 60% of non-germinating seeds were viable, suggesting that seeds may persist in the soil seed bank. Up to 60% of seeds remained viable following 1 year of storage. Stored seeds generally exhibited higher germination rates (average = 90%) than fresh seeds (average = 67%), indicating possible dormancy and afterripening effects. Germination characteristics of this species are consistent with those of other invasive alien species, and favor rapid population growth leading to community dominance.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/4003656
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 53, Number 5 (September 2000)

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