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    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 51 (1998)
    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 51, Number 5 (September 1998)
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    Pine needle consumption by cattle during winter in South Dakota

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    Author
    Pfister, J. A.
    Panter, K. E.
    Gardner, D. R.
    Issue Date
    1998-09-01
    Keywords
    snow cover
    depth
    cows
    conifer needles
    ambient temperature
    Pinus ponderosa
    South Dakota
    winter
    selective grazing
    feeding preferences
    plant height
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    Citation
    Pfister, J. A., Panter, K. E., & Gardner, D. R. (1998). Pine needle consumption by cattle during winter in South Dakota. Journal of Range Management, 51(5), 551-556.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643990
    DOI
    10.2307/4003375
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Pregnant cattle that consume ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa (Lawson) needles often abort. The objectives of these studies were to: 1) determine needle consumption by grazing cattle; 2) relate consumption in pen-fed and grazing cattle to weather variables; and 3) determine if needle temperature influenced consumption in pen-fed cattle. Trial 1 was conducted from 3 Dec. 1991 to 12 Feb. 1992 near Custer, S. Dak. Eight mature cows grazed a 9-ha pasture. Needle consumption was measured using bite counts H. and fecal analysis. The winter was mild, and cattle consumed few needles (< 2% of bites). Trial 2 was conducted in the same location from 5 January to 2 March 1993, using 6 pregnant cows kept in pens and 5 open cows grazing the pasture. The pen-fed cows were offered 1 kg of fresh pine needles daily; methods for grazing cattle were the same as in the previous trial. Further, the pen-fed cows were offered warm or cold green needles in 2 acceptability trials. Grazing cattle consumed an average of 20% of bites as pine needles. As snow depth increased, pine needle consumption increased, particularly from short (< 2 m tall) tree (P < 0.01). The percent of bites of green needles was related (r2 = 0.69) to minimum temperature and snow depth, with greater consumption at colder temperatures and at deeper snow depths. As snow depth increased, cattle reduced daily grazing time (P < 0.01); at colder temperatures, cattle also reduced grazing time (P < 0.05). Pen-fed cows ate 483 g pine needles/day (fresh weight), with no abortions occurring. Cattle preferred cold needles to warm needles (P < 0.05) in January, despite tree size; whereas, the opposite result was noted in February. We conclude that snow depth, reduced amounts of grazable forage, and cold ambient temperatures are crucial factors in consumption of ponderosa pine needles by grazing cattle.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/4003375
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 51, Number 5 (September 1998)

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