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    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 47 (1994)
    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 47, Number 4 (July 1994)
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    Runoff and erosion in intercanopy zones of pinyon-juniper woodlands

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    Author
    Wilcox, B. P.
    Issue Date
    1994-07-01
    Keywords
    disturbed soils
    water balance
    pinyon-juniper
    hydrology
    water erosion
    rain
    runoff
    semiarid zones
    seasonal variation
    literature reviews
    infiltration
    New Mexico
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    Citation
    Wilcox, B. P. (1994). Runoff and erosion in intercanopy zones of pinyon-juniper woodlands. Journal of Range Management, 47(4), 285-295.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/644460
    DOI
    10.2307/4002549
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    In semiarid pinyon-juniper environments, the principal mechanisms of redistribution of water, sediments, nutrients, and contaminants are runoff and erosion. To study the phenomena underlying these mechanisms, we established six 30-m2 plots, in intercanopy zones, for monitoring over a 2-yr period (1991-1993). Two of the plots were severely disturbed; 4 were undisturbed. We measured the most runoff from these plots during mid summer (generated by intense thunderstorms) and late winter (from snowmelt and/or rain-on-snow). Runoff accounted for 10 to 28% of the water budget over the 2-yr period—a higher proportion than that observed in most other pinyon-juniper woodlands, which is probably explained by the smaller scale as well as the higher elevation of our study area. Runoff accounted for 16% of the summer water budget the first year, with above-average precipitation (and thereby higher soil moisture content) and 3% the second year, when precipitation was about average. Winter runoff was substantial both years as measured on the small scale of our study (no winter runoff was observed in the nearby stream channel). Interestingly, even though precipitation was lower the first winter, runoff was higher. This may be because snowmelt set in about 20 days earlier that year—while the soils were still thoroughly frozen, inhibiting infiltration. Differences between disturbed and undisturbed plots were most evident in the summer: both runoff and erosion were substantially higher from the disturbed plots. On the basis of our observations during this study, we suggest that the following hypotheses proposed about runoff and erosion in other semiarid landscapes are also true of pinyon-juniper woodlands: (1) Runoff amounts vary with scale: runoff decreases as the size of the contributing ares increases and provides wore opportunities for infiltration. (2) The infiltration capacity of soils is dynamic; it is closely tied to soil moisture content and/or sod frost conditions and is a major determinant of runoff amounts. (3) Soil erodibility follows an annual cycle; it is highest at the end of the freeze-thaw period of late winter and lowest at the end of the summer rainy season, when soils have been compacted by repeated rainfall.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/4002549
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 47, Number 4 (July 1994)

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