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    Metabolism and absorption of toxic glycosides by ruminants

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    Author
    Majak, W.
    Issue Date
    1992-01-01
    Keywords
    Prunus virginiana
    3-nitropropanol
    prunasin
    Astragalus miser var. serotinus
    Amelanchier alnifolia
    rumen microorganisms
    absorption
    hydrogen cyanide
    metabolites
    metabolism
    metabolic detoxification
    glycosides
    Astragalus miser
    miserotoxin
    toxicity
    ruminants
    steers
    chemical constituents of plants
    poisonous plants
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    Citation
    Majak, W. (1992). Metabolism and absorption of toxic glycosides by ruminants. Journal of Range Management, 45(1), 67-71.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    Description
    Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ingestion of Poisonous Plants by Livestock," February 15, 1990, Reno, Nevada.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/644748
    DOI
    10.2307/4002528
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    The cyanogenic glycoside prunasin is the toxic component in a number of browse species (serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia, and chokecherry, Pnmus virginiana); and glycosides of 3-nitropropanol (NPOH), such as miserotoxin, are the poisonous principle in a number of Astragalus species such as timber milkvetch, A. miser var. serotinus. Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in rumen contents is the first step in the bioactivation of the glycosides. Diet influences populations of rumen microorganisms and diet may induce the proliferation of bacteria that function in glycoside hydrolysis and detoxification. The absorption of NPOH from the reticulo-rumen was examined in cattle on alfalfa hay and corn silage diets. 3- nitropropionic acid (NPA), the lethal metabolite of NPOH, was detected in both plasma and urine. The plasma levels of NPA were reduced when the diet enhanced the rate of NPOH detoxification in the rumen. The enhancement was achieved with a feed supplement containing nitroethane, a synthetic analogue of NPOH that is much less toxic than the natural toxin. The high levels of NPA in urine (>30 ppm) suggested a procedure for detecting livestock poisoning by nitro-bearing plants. The absorption of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from the reticulo-rumen was also examined in cattle given sublethal doses of prunasin from serviceberry. Metabolites of HCN in blood and plasma were detected at low levels (<5 ppm) during the initial 6-hour sampling period. High levels of thiocyanate (<20 ppm), a metabolite of HCN, were detected in urine samples collected at 24-48 hours and this also suggested a diagnostic procedure for detecting HCN poisoning in cattle.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/4002528
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 45, Number 1 (January 1992)

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