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    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 40 (1987)
    • Journal of Range Management, Volume 40, Number 3 (May 1987)
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    Leafy Spurge Control and Herbicide Residue from Annual Picloram and 2,4-D Application

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    Author
    Lym, R. G.
    Messersmith, C. G.
    Issue Date
    1987-05-01
    Keywords
    herbicide rates
    herbicide residues
    2,4-D
    Euphorbia esula
    seedling emergence
    weed control
    pastures
    picloram
    prairies
    North Dakota
    
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    Citation
    Lym, R. G., & Messersmith, C. G. (1987). Leafy spurge control and herbicide residue from annual picloram and 2,4-D application. Journal of Range Management, 40(3), 194-198.
    Publisher
    Society for Range Management
    Journal
    Journal of Range Management
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/645362
    DOI
    10.2307/3899077
    Additional Links
    https://rangelands.org/
    Abstract
    Annual application of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) and picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and biannual application of 2,4-D for 5 consecutive years was evaluated for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) control. The picloram treatments were evaluated for soil residue. The experiment was located at 2 sites in eastern North Dakota and 1 site in western North Dakota on various soil types. Picloram at 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg/ha provided 48, 75, and 90% leafy spurge control after 4 annual treatments, respectively. Control increased to 85 and 91% when 2,4-D at 1.1 kg/ha was added to the annual treatment of picloram at 0.28 and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively. However, 2,4-D with picloram at 0.56 kg/ha did not increase leafy spurge control compared to picloram alone. Picloram did not accumulate in the upper 15 cm of the soil profile and generally was not detected above the 2 ppbw level 12 months following each annual application. Greater picloram residue was found deeper in sandy than clay soil and in soil with high compared to low organic matter. Picloram at 500 and 250 ppbw was required to reduce leafy spurge seedling emergence and subsequent survival by 50%, respectively. However, picloram at 125 ppbw reduced leafy spurge regrowth from root segments of 4 lengths to near zero. Picloram at 8 to 32 ppbw stimulated leafy spurge seedling emergence compared to the control. Annual application of picloram at low rates gradually controlled leafy spurge, but picloram soil residues were not high enough to control subsequent seed germination and shoot regrowth from roots.
    Type
    text
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0022-409X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2307/3899077
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Journal of Range Management, Volume 40, Number 3 (May 1987)

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