Impact and Control of the Range Crane Fly (Tipula simplex Doane) in the Central Valley of California

Abstract

The larvae of the range crane fly (Tipula simplex) are responsible for extensive damage to rangeland of the central valley of California, but the damage occurs infrequently in years when there are extremely high densities. These outbreaks appear to be due to favorable climatic conditions during the early larval instars. Means of biological (including pheromone), mechanical, fire, and chemical control are discussed. Early detection is a key in minimizing damage.