Effect of Reindeer Trampling and Grazing on Lichens

Abstract

A herd of approximately 500 reindeer was herded over a non-utilized portion of a large Eriophorum-Carex-dwarf shrub meadow near Nome, Alaska during both moist and dry conditions. After one summer of use on approximately 17 sections by the reindeer, 68% of the lichens were dislodged and 16% were shattered into segments less than 1/2 inch. On summer ranges where lichens comprise at least 30% of the available forage, at least 15% of the lichens should be considered as unavailable because of trampling by reindeer.