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    Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

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    Author
    Castagnoli, Giuliana
    Lal, Devendra
    Issue Date
    1980-01-01
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Castagnoli, G., & Lal, D. (1980). Solar modulation effects in terrestrial production of carbon-14. Radiocarbon, 22(2), 133-158.
    Publisher
    American Journal of Science
    Journal
    Radiocarbon
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/652473
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033822200009413
    Additional Links
    http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/
    Abstract
    This paper is concerned with the expected deviations in the production rate of natural 14C on the earth due to changes in solar activity. We review the published estimates of the global production rates of 14C due to galactic and solar cosmic ray particles, and present new estimates of the expected secular variations in 14C production, taking into account the latest information available on galactic cosmic ray modulation and long-term variations in solar activity. Estimated secular variations are related to data on atmospheric 14C/12C ratios based on tree rings. It is concluded that the observed higher frequency wiggles in atmospheric 14C/12C ratios occurring with time scales of about two hundred years and of 1 to 2 percent in magnitude (de Vries, 1958; Suess, 1970a,b; 1979; Damon, Lerman, and Long, 1978), are largely due to solar activity dependent modulation of the galactic cosmic ray flux by solar plasma. These variations override a slowly varying sinusoidal change of about 10 percent in magnitude during the last approximately 8000 years, which is believed to be primarily due to changes in the geomagnetic field. The high frequency modulation effect in 14C production is substantial, about 20 percent, which, considering the response function of the atmosphere (cf Houtermans, Suess, and Oeschger, 1973), is adequate to explain the observed 14C wiggles (also named Suess wiggles or de Vries oscillations) if in the past, periods of large modulation effects and also periods of weak modulation persisted, ie, the sun remained both active and inactive over long periods of time, of the order of several decades to centuries. The pioneering investigations of Eddy (1976; 1977) of the ancient records of solar activity make it plausible that the 14C wiggles in the ancient 14C/12C ratios are primarily due to modulation of galactic cosmic ray flux by a varying sun. Thus, the 14C wiggles are good indicators of solar activity in the past. We also present revised estimates of the production rates of 14C on the earth due to solar flare accelerated cosmic rays and limits of direct accretion of 14C on the earth.
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0033-8222
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033822200009413
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Radiocarbon, Volume 22, Number 2 (1980)

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