Duration of Tell Settlements at Four Prehistoric Sites in Hungary
Issue Date
1998-01-01Keywords
Berettyoujfalu Herpaly SettlementHodmezovasahely Gorzsa Cukortanya Settlement
Ocsod Kovashalom Settlement
Polgar Csoszhalom Settlement
tell settlements
Alfold
Hungary
Neolithic
Stone Age
land useartifactsarchaeologyarchaeological sitesHolocenestratigraphyCentral EuropeEuropeCenozoicQuaternaryC 14carbondatesisotopesradioactive isotopesabsolute age
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Hertelendi, E., Svingor, É., Raczky, P., Horváth, F., Futó, I., & Bartosiewicz, L. (1998). Duration of tell settlements at four prehistoric sites in Hungary. Radiocarbon, 40(2), 659-665.Journal
RadiocarbonDescription
From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997.Additional Links
http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/Abstract
The chief objective of this paper is to improve our understanding of the Neolithic in eastern Hungary using absolute chronological data. To accomplish this we calibrated new measurements as well as previously published dates. The up-to-date, standardized evaluation of 147 calibrated measurements showed temporal overlaps between archaeological cultures defined on the basis of ceramic styles. The average timespan of tell settlements of 285 yr was obtained using radiocarbon dates from four major settlements in eastern Hungary: Berettyóújfalu-Herpály, Hódmezóvásáhely-Gorzsa-Cukortanya, Öcsöd-Kováshalom and Polgár-Csószhalom.Type
Proceedingstext
Language
enISSN
0033-8222Scopus Count
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New WorldSettlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare—behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations hierarchically among settlements. But, the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size variation requires such complex behaviors remains unclear. By examining the settlement patterns of eight prehistoric New World hunter-gatherer settlement systems spanning three distinct environmental contexts, this analysis explores the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size scaling depends on the aforementioned socioeconomic complexities. Surprisingly, the analysis finds that power-law models offer plausible and parsimonious statistical descriptions of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlement-size variation. This finding reveals that incipient forms of hierarchical settlement structure may have preceded socioeconomic complexity in human societies and points to a need for additional research to explicate how mobile foragers came to exhibit settlement patterns that are more commonly associated with hierarchical organization. We propose that hunter-gatherer mobility with preferential attachment to previously occupied locations may account for the observed structure in site-size variation.
-
Proximate Cues and Ultimate Consequences for Natal Dispersal and Settlement in an Altered Forest Landscape: Influence of Experience, Behavior, and HabitatNatal dispersal is at the nexus of ecology, ethology, population genetics, and evolution. While abundant research exists on emigration and associated proximate and ultimate causes, less is known about exploration, settlement, and factors that influence settlement decisions. Further, the role of individual behavioral phenotypes in the domains of wildlife ecology and conservation, which include natal dispersal, is a recent and expanding area of inquiry. Understanding the relationships among individual phenotype, environmental conditions, and natal dispersal is increasingly important as landscapes become altered by disturbance, fragmentation, and climate change. I investigated natal dispersal in endangered Mt. Graham red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), an isolated, peripheral subspecies of North American red squirrel persisting at the southern edge of the species' range. We tested hypotheses about the importance of proximate and ultimate drivers of emigration, dispersal distance, and settlement, and estimated perceived landscape connectivity within a mosaic of forest damage in the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona. Compared to other red squirrel populations in North America, natal dispersal in Mt. Graham red squirrels is sex-biased and non-philopatric with mean dispersal distance over 8 times that observed in non-peripheral populations. Resources, indicated by mother's body mass in spring (a reflection of her intrinsic quality and territory quality) and individual body condition, contribute to individual behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration. Individuals with behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration dispersed the farthest, and for both males and females the longest observed dispersal distances and proportion of individuals dispersing occurred in a year of lowest food availability. Our research highlights the important role individual behavioral syndromes may play in observed heterogeneity in life history strategies with populations. Following emigration from the natal area, we provide evidence that individual dispersers rely upon forest structural cues similar to their natal area to select locations for settlement; the first test of natal habitat preference induction in a single vegetation community type. We used circuit theory to evaluate landscape connectivity and identify areas important for long-distance dispersal movements. Because single connectivity models may not adequately represent functional connectivity for an entire population, we summarized landscape connectivity across varying levels of landscape resistance to identify areas that promote movement and long-distance dispersal for individuals with different perceptions of landscape resistance. We show that composite connectivity models are a useful method to identify forest areas important for the promotion of long-distance movements as well as areas that constrain movement.
