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    The Effects of Possible Contamination on the Radiocarbon Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls II: Empirical Methods to Remove Castor Oil and Suggestions for Redating

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    Author
    Lund Rasmussen, Kaare
    van der Plicht, Johannes
    Doudna, Gregory
    Nielsen, Frederik
    Højrup, Peter
    Halfdan Stenby, Erling
    Pedersen, Carl Th.
    Issue Date
    2009-01-01
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Lund Rasmussen, K., van der Plicht, J., Doudna, G., Nielsen, F., Højrup, P., Halfdan Stenby, E., & Pedersen, C. T. (2009). The effects of possible contamination on the radiocarbon dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls II: Empirical methods to remove castor oil and suggestions for redating. Radiocarbon, 51(3), 1005-1022.
    Publisher
    Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona
    Journal
    Radiocarbon
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654354
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033822200034081
    Additional Links
    http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/
    Abstract
    While kept at the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem, many Dead Sea Scroll fragments were exposed to castor oil by the original team of editors in the course of cleaning the parchments. Castor oil must be regarded as a serious contaminant in relation to radiocarbon dating. If modern castor oil is present and is not removed prior to dating, the 14C dates will be skewed artificially towards modern values. In Rasmussen et al. (2001), it was shown that the standard AAA pretreatment procedure used in the 2 previous studies dating Dead Sea Scroll samples (Bonani et al. 1992; Jull et al. 1995) is not capable of removing castor oil from parchment samples. In the present work, we show that it is unlikely that castor oil reacts with the amino acids of the parchment proteins, a finding which leaves open the possibility of devising a cleaning method that can effectively remove castor oil. We then present 3 different pretreatment protocols designed to effectively remove castor oil from parchment samples. These involve 3 different cleaning techniques: extraction with supercritical CO2, ultrasound cleaning, and Soxhlet extraction--each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Our data show that the protocol involving Soxhlet extraction is the best suited for the purpose of decontaminating the Dead Sea Scrolls, and we recommend that this protocol be used in further attempts to 14C date the Dead Sea Scrolls. If such an attempt is decided on by the proper authorities, we propose a list of Scroll texts, which we suggest be redated in order to validate the 14C dates done earlier by Bonani et al. (1992) and Jull et al. (1995).
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0033-8222
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033822200034081
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Radiocarbon, Volume 51, Number 3 (2009)

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