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    Challenges in Radiocarbon Dating Organic Carbon in Opal-Rich Marine Sediments

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    Author
    Zheng, Yan
    Anderson, Robert F.
    Froelich, Philip N.
    Beck, Warren
    McNichol, Ann P.
    Guilderson, Thomas
    Issue Date
    2002-01-01
    Keywords
    total organic carbon
    Antarctic Ocean
    opal
    Southern Ocean
    quality control
    O 18 O 16
    oxygen
    organic carbon
    marine sediments
    accuracy
    sampling
    isotope ratios
    Holocene
    framework silicates
    silica minerals
    silicates
    Pleistocene
    upper Pleistocene
    organic compounds
    sample preparation
    sediments
    Cenozoic
    Quaternary
    C 14
    carbon
    isotopes
    radioactive isotopes
    C 13 C 12
    stable isotopes
    absolute age
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    Citation
    Zheng, Y., Anderson, R. F., Froelich, P. N., Beck, W., McNichol, A. P., & Guilderson, T. (2002). Challenges in radiocarbon dating organic carbon in opal-rich marine sediments. Radiocarbon, 44(1), 123-136.
    Publisher
    Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona
    Journal
    Radiocarbon
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654459
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033822200064729
    Additional Links
    http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/
    Abstract
    We explored the reliability of radiocarbon ages obtained on organic carbon phases in opal-rich Southern Ocean sediments. Paired biogenic carbonate and total organic carbon (TOC) 14C analyses for three Southern Ocean cores showed that the TOC ages were systematically younger than the carbonate ages. Carbonate ages were consistent with oxygen isotopic and bio-stratigraphy, indicating error in TOC ages that could be explained by 5-24% of modern carbon contamination of TOC samples. Two possible sources of contamination are: 1) adsorption of atmospheric CO2 or volatile organic compounds to reactive opal surface sites, and 2) fixation of atmospheric CO2 by chemosynthetic bacteria during core storage. In an effort to reduce the modern carbon contamination, diatoms were separated from sediments, purified, and pre-oxidized by concentrated nitric and perchloric acids to permit dating of opal-intrinsic organic carbon (approximately 0.1-0.3% by weight). 14C ages of chemically pre-oxidized opal showed a significant amount of modern carbon contamination, from 11 to 32%, indicating adsorption from the atmosphere of modern carbon onto opal surfaces that were previously cleaned by acid oxidation. Several experiments designed to eliminate the modern C contamination were attempted, but so far we have not been able to obtain a radiocarbon age on 14C-dead Southern Ocean opal-rich sediments, either bulk TOC or purified diatom opal samples, as old as our procedural blank.
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0033-8222
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033822200064729
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Radiocarbon, Volume 44, Number 1 (2002)

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