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    Variations of Isotopic Composition of Carbon in the Karst Environment from Southern Poland, Present and Past

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    Author
    Pazdur, Anna
    Goslar, Tomasz
    Pawlyta, Mirosława
    Hercman, Helena
    Gradziński, Michał
    Issue Date
    1999-01-01
    Keywords
    aquatic environment
    amino acids
    O 18 O 16
    southern Poland
    caves
    racemization
    springs
    Carpathians
    Cracow Wielun Upland
    dilution
    Tatra Mountains
    western Tatra Mountains
    water
    Poland
    Th U
    calibration
    concentration
    oxygen
    solution features
    speleothems
    karst
    sampling
    organic acids
    isotope ratios
    microfossils
    Plantae
    algae
    Central Europe
    paleoclimatology
    Pleistocene
    organic compounds
    Europe
    Cenozoic
    Quaternary
    methods
    C 14
    carbon
    dates
    isotopes
    radioactive isotopes
    C 13 C 12
    stable isotopes
    absolute age
    carbonates
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    Citation
    Pazdur, A., Goslar, T., Pawlyta, M., Hercman, H., & Gradziński, M. (1999). Variations of isotopic composition of carbon in the karst environment from southern Poland, present and past. Radiocarbon, 41(1), 81-97.
    Publisher
    Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona
    Journal
    Radiocarbon
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654684
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033822200019354
    Additional Links
    http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/
    Abstract
    We describe a comprehensive study of carbon isotopes in several karst springs and their environs in a contemporary karst environment in the region of the Cracow-Wielun Upland and Western Tatra Mountains, Southern Poland. We collected samples of water, plants and carbonate deposited on aquatic plants, and obtained 13C values and 14C concentrations. We also investigated a group of the youngest calcium carbonates from caves where deposition is still being observed or ceased no more than a few hundred years ago. The determination of a 14C dilution factor (q) in these carbonates allows us to determine the "true" radiocarbon ages of old speleothems from caves in the area under investigation and enables the use of old speleothems as suitable material for extending the 14C calibration time scale, the "Absolute" age having been determined by U/Th or amino acid racemization (AAR) dating methods. Measurements of delta-13C and 14C concentrations were made on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) extracted from water samples. Calculated values of q range from 0.55 to 0.68 and delta-13C values range from -10 per mil to -13 per mil versus VPDB with mean values equal to 0.65 and -12 per mil, respectively. Results indicate that the dissolution process of limestone bedrock is a closed system with the dominating contributor being biogenic carbon dioxide. Isotopic composition of carbon in contemporary plants collected at the karstic springs at 3 localities is highly diverse, with different species distinctly varying in both q and delta-13C values. Extremely light values of 13C (under -40 per mil), observed in Algae and Hyloconium splendens, are correlated with 14C concentrations that are much lower than 100 pMC. Small systematic changes of isotopic composition were found in plants of the same species collected along streams at various distances from the spring. The youngest calcium carbonates from different caves show a relatively high scatter of both delta-13C values and 14C concentration. The lower reservoir effect for 14C is observed in samples with higher value of delta-13C, indicating equilibrium conditions in the sedimentation of carbonate. Pazdur et al. (1995b) presented 14C dating results and paleoclimatic interpretation of 170 14C analyses of 89 speleothems from 41 caves obtained through 1994. Investigations continued until early 1997, during which time a speleothem, JWi2, was dated by 14C, U/Th and AAR dating methods, and its stable isotope composition (delta-13C and delta-18O) analyzed in detail (reported here). Carbon isotope analyses indicate very large differences among results obtained by U/Th, AAR, and 14C dating methods.
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0033-8222
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033822200019354
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Radiocarbon, Volume 41, Number 1 (1999)

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