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    Radiocarbon Dating of Calcined Bones: Insights from Combustion Experiments Under Natural Conditions

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    Author
    Zazzo, Antoine
    Saliège, Jean-François
    Lebon, Matthieu
    Lepetz, Sébastien
    Moreau, Christophe
    Issue Date
    2012-10-15
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Zazzo, A., Saliège, J. F., Lebon, M., Lepetz, S., & Moreau, C. (2012). Radiocarbon dating of calcined bones: Insights from combustion experiments under natural conditions. Radiocarbon, 54(3-4), 855-866.
    Publisher
    Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona
    Journal
    Radiocarbon
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654905
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033822200047500
    Additional Links
    http://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/
    Abstract
    Radiocarbon dating of the carbonate remaining in calcined bones is widely regarded as a viable alternative to date skeletal remains in situations where collagen is no longer present. However, anomalously low δ13C values measured in calcined bones prompted questions about the origin of the carbon used for dating. The goal of this study was to quantify the magnitude of carbon isotope exchange between bone carbonate and environmental CO2 for bones calcined under natural conditions. Four archaeological bones ranging in age between the Neolithic and the Medieval period were combusted on a separate open fire for up to 4 hr and subsamples of calcined bones were taken every hour. All the bones experienced a significant increase in IRSF values and decrease in carbonate content and δ13C values. 14C ages measured in the carbonate fraction of well-calcined bones indicate that 67 ± 3% to 91 ± 8% of the carbon present in bone carbonate was replaced by carbon from the atmosphere of combustion. This finding confirms previous results obtained under laboratory conditions and has serious implications for 14C dating of calcined bones found in archaeological contexts. The 14C age obtained on a calcined bone will only reflect the true age of the bone sample if the age difference between the bone and the charcoal can be neglected. Our results show also that δ13C values of calcined bones can be used to estimate the degree of C exchange and control for postburial diagenetic alteration.
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0033-8222
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033822200047500
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Radiocarbon, Volume 54, Number 3-4 (2012)

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