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    Dendroecological Methods for Reconstructing High-Severity Fire in Pine-Oak Forests

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    Author
    Guiterman, C.H.
    Margolis, E.Q.
    Swetnam, T.W.
    Issue Date
    2015-07
    Keywords
    fire scar
    Gambel oak
    high-severity fire
    pineoak
    ponderosa pine
    Quercus gambelii
    shrubland
    tree rings
    
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    Citation
    Christopher H. Guiterman, Ellis Q. Margolis, and Thomas W. Swetnam "Dendroecological Methods For Reconstructing High-Severity Fire In Pine-Oak Forests," Tree-Ring Research 71(2), 67-77, (1 July 2015).
    Publisher
    Tree Ring Society
    Journal
    Tree-Ring Research
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10150/656869
    DOI
    10.3959/1536-1098-71.2.67
    Additional Links
    http://www.treeringsociety.org
    Abstract
    Recent high-severity fires in pine-oak forests of the southwestern United States are creating shrubfields that may persist for decades to centuries. Shrubfields embedded in conifer forests that pre-date documentary records are potential evidence of older high-severity fire patches, and may therefore provide insights into the occurrence and extent of past high-severity fires and vegetation type conversion dynamics. In this paper we test whether dendroecological evidence can be used to reconstruct a high-severity, type-changing fire of known date in a ponderosa pine-dominated (Pinus ponderosa var scopulorum Engelm.) forest. Dendroecological evidence included (1) Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii, Nutt.) regeneration dates, (2) fire scars, (3) death dates, and (4) tree-ring growth changes. We reconstructed the historical fire regime and fire-climate relationship to evaluate whether the recent high-severity fire was driven by climate or fuel build-up related to a fire regime disruption. The dendroecological evidence correctly dated the year (1993) and season (spring) of the documented fire, and synchronous oak re-sprouts provided a means to estimate the minimum high-severity patch size. The historical fire regime at the site (1625-1871) consisted of frequent, low-severity fires occurring in dry years preceded by wet years. Fires stopped in 1871, coincident with increased regional livestock grazing. The 1993 fire occurred under relatively cool and wet conditions, but followed a 122-year fire-free interval (four times the maximum historical interval). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that increased fuel loads from fire exclusion, combined with high winds, were primary drivers of the high-severity fire. The dendroecological approach we outline can be applied to reconstruct high-severity fire across a range of conifer-shrubland ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 by The Tree-Ring Society.
    Type
    Article
    text
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1536-1098
    EISSN
    2162-4585
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3959/1536-1098-71.2.67
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    Tree-Ring Research, Volume 71, Issue 2 (Jul 2015)

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