Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution
Author
Kim, Jae-YoungKrichbaum, Thomas P.
Broderick, Avery E.
Wielgus, Maciek
Blackburn, Lindy
Gomez, Jose L.
Johnson, Michael D.
Bouman, Katherine L.
Chael, Andrew
Akiyama, Kazunori
Jorstad, Svetlana
Marscher, Alan P.
Issaoun, Sara
Janssen, Michael
Chan, Chi-kwan
Savolainen, Tuomas
Pesce, Dominic W.
Ozel, Feryal
Alberdi, Antxon
Alef, Walter
Asada, Keiichi
Azulay, Rebecca
Baczko, Anne-Kathrin
Ball, David
Balokovic, Mislav
Barrett, John
Bintley, Dan
Boland, Wilfred
Bower, Geoffrey C.

Bremer, Michael
Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
Brissenden, Roger
Britzen, Silke
Broguiere, Dominique
Bronzwaer, Thomas
Byun, Do-Young
Carlstrom, John E.
Chatterjee, Shami
Chatterjee, Koushik
Chen, Ming-Tang
Chen, Yongjun
Cho, Ilje
Christian, Pierre
Conway, John E.
Cordes, James M.
Crew, Geoffrey B.
Cui, Yuzhu
Davelaar, Jordy
De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
Deane, Roger
Dempsey, Jessica
Desvignes, Gregory
Dexter, Jason
Doeleman, Sheperd S.
Eatough, Ralph P.
Falcke, Heino
Fish, Vincent L.
Fomalont, Ed
Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
Friberg, Per
Fromm, Christian M.
Galison, Peter
Gammie, Charles F.
Garcia, Roberto
Gentaz, Olivier
Georgiev, Boris
Goddi, Ciriaco
Gold, Roman
Gu, Minfeng
Gurwell, Mark
Hada, Kazuhiro
Hecht, Michael H.
Hesper, Ronald
Ho, Luis C.
Ho, Paul
Honma, Mareki
Huang, Chih-Wei L.
Huang, Lei
Hughes, David H.
Ikeda, Shiro
Inoue, Makoto
James, David J.
Jannuzi, Buell T.
Jeter, Britton
Jiang, Wu
Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
Jung, Taehyun
Karami, Mansour
Karuppusamy, Ramesh
Kawashima, Tomohisa
Keating, Garrett K.

Kettenis, Mark
Kim, Junhan
Kim, Jongsoo
Kino, Motoki
Koay, Jun Yi
Koch, Patrick M.
Koyama, Shoko
Kramer, Michael
Kramer, Carsten
Kuo, Cheng-Yu
Lauer, Tod R.
Lee, Sang-Sung
Li, Yan-Rong
Li, Zhiyuan
Lindqvist, Michael
Lico, Rocco
Liu, Kuo
Liuzzo, Elisabetta
Lo, Wen-Ping
Lobanov, Andrei P.
Loinard, Laurent
Lonsdale, Colin
Lu, Ru-Sen
MacDonald, Nicholas R.
Mao, Jirong
Markoff, Sera
Marrone, Daniel P.

Marti-Vidal, Ivan
Matsushita, Satoki
Matthews, Lynn D.
Medeiros, Lia
Menten, Karl M.

Mizuno, Yosuke
Mizuno, Izumi
Moran, James M.
Moriyama, Kotaro
Moscibrodzka, Monika
Mueller, Cornelia
Nagai, Hiroshi
Nagar, Neil M.
Nakamura, Masanori
Narayan, Ramesh
Narayanan, Gopal
Natarajan, Iniyan
Neri, Roberto

Ni, Chunchong
Noutsos, Aristeidis
Okino, Hiroki
Olivares, Hector
Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.
Oyama, Tomoaki
Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
Park, Jongho
Patel, Nimesh
Pen, Ue-Li
Pietu, Vincent
Plambeck, Richard
PopStefanija, Aleksandar
Porth, Oliver
Prather, Ben
Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.
Psaltis, Dimitrios
Pu, Hung-Yi
Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
Rao, Ramprasad
Rawlings, Mark G.
Raymond, Alexander W.
Rezzolla, Luciano
Ripperda, Bart
Roelofs, Freek
Rogers, Alan
Ros, Eduardo
Rose, Mel
Roshanineshat, Arash
Rottmann, Helge
Roy, Alan L.
Ruszczyk, Chet
Ryan, Benjamin R.
Rygl, Kazi L. J.
Sanchez, Salvador
Sanchez-Arguelles, David
Sasada, Mahito
Schloerb, F. Peter
Schuster, Karl-Friedrich
Shao, Lijing
Shen, Zhiqiang
Small, Des
Sohn, Bong Won
SooHoo, Jason
Tazaki, Fumie
Tiede, Paul
Tilanus, Remo P. J.
Titus, Michael
Toma, Kenji
Torne, Pablo
Trent, Tyler
Traianou, Efthalia
Trippe, Sascha
Tsuda, Shuichiro
van Bemmel, Ilse
van Langevelde, Huib Jan
van Rossum, Daniel R.
Wagner, Jan
Wardle, John
Ward-Thompson, Derek
Weintroub, Jonathan
Wex, Norbert
Wharton, Robert
Wong, George N.
Wu, Qingwen
Yoon, Doosoo
Young, Andre
Young, Ken
Younsi, Ziri
Yuan, Feng
Yuan, Ye-Fei
Zensus, J. Anton
Zhao, Guangyao
Zhao, Shan-Shan
Zhu, Ziyan
Algaba, Juan-Carlos
Allardi, Alexander
Amestica, Rodrigo
Anczarski, Jadyn
Bach, Uwe
Baganoff, Frederick K.
Beaudoin, Christopher
Benson, Bradford A.
Berthold, Ryan
Blanchard, Jay M.
Blundell, Ray
Bustamente, Sandra
Cappallo, Roger
Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar
Chang, Chih-Cheng
Chang, Shu-Hao
Chang, Song-Chu
Chen, Chung-Chen
Chilson, Ryan
Chuter, Tim C.
Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova
Coulson, Iain M.
Crowley, Joseph
Derome, Mark
Dexter, Matthew
Dornbusch, Sven
Dudevoir, Kevin A.
Dzib, Sergio A.
Eckart, Andreas
Eckert, Chris
Erickson, Neal R.
Everett, Wendeline B.
Faber, Aaron
Farah, Joseph R.
Fath, Vernon
Folkers, Thomas W.
Forbes, David C.
Freund, Robert
Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I
Gale, David M.
Gao, Feng
Geertsema, Gertie
Graham, David A.
Greer, Christopher H.
Grosslein, Ronald
Gueth, Frederic
Haggard, Daryl
Halverson, Nils W.
Han, Chih-Chiang
Han, Kuo-Chang
Hao, Jinchi
Hasegawa, Yutaka
Henning, Jason W.
Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio
Herrero-Illana, Ruben
Heyminck, Stefan
Hirota, Akihiko
Hoge, James
Huang, Yau-De
Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette
Jiang, Homin
John, David
Kamble, Atish
Keisler, Ryan
Kimura, Kimihiro
Kono, Yusuke
Kubo, Derek
Kuroda, John
Lacasse, Richard
Laing, Robert A.
Leitch, Erik M.
Li, Chao-Te
Lin, Lupin C-C
Liu, Ching-Tang
Liu, Kuan-Yu
Lu, Li-Ming
Marson, Ralph G.
Martin-Cocher, Pierre L.
Massingill, Kyle D.
Matulonis, Callie
McColl, Martin P.
McWhirter, Stephen R.
Messias, Hugo
Meyer-Zhao, Zheng
Michalik, Daniel
Montana, Alfredo
Montgomerie, William
Mora-Klein, Matias
Muders, Dirk
Nadolski, Andrew
Navarro, Santiago
Neilsen, Joseph
Nguyen, Chi H.
Nishioka, Hiroaki
Norton, Timothy
Nowak, Michael A.
Nystrom, George
Ogawa, Hideo
Oshiro, Peter
Oyama, Tomoaki
Parsons, Harriet
Penalver, Juan
Phillips, Neil M.
Poirier, Michael
Pradel, Nicolas
Primiani, Rurik A.
Raffin, Philippe A.
Rahlin, Alexandra S.
Reiland, George
Risacher, Christopher
Ruiz, Ignacio
Saez-Madain, Alejandro F.
Sassella, Remi
Schellart, Pim
Shaw, Paul
Silva, Kevin M.
Shiokawa, Hotaka
Smith, David R.

Snow, William
Souccar, Kamal
Sousa, Don
Sridharan, T. K.
Srinivasan, Ranjani
Stahm, William
Stark, Antony A.
Story, Kyle
Timmer, Sjoerd T.
Vertatschitsch, Laura
Walther, Craig
Wei, Ta-Shun
Whitehorn, Nathan
Whitney, Alan R.
Woody, David P.
Wouterloot, Jan G. A.
Wright, Melvin
Yamaguchi, Paul
Yu, Chen-Yu
Zeballos, Milagros
Zhang, Shuo
Ziurys, Lucy
Affiliation
Univ Arizona, Steward ObservUniv Arizona, Dept Astron
Univ Arizona, Data Sci Inst
Issue Date
2020-08
Metadata
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EDP SCIENCES S ACitation
Kim, J. Y., Krichbaum, T. P., Broderick, A. E., Wielgus, M., Blackburn, L., Gómez, J. L., ... & Plambeck, R. (2020). Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 640, A69.Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICSRights
© J.-Y. Kim et al. 2020. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).Collection Information
This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.Abstract
3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We use an ultra-high angular resolution technique - global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 1.3 mm (230 GHz) - to resolve the innermost jet of 3C 279 in order to study its fine-scale morphology close to the jet base where highly variable gamma -ray emission is thought to originate, according to various models. The source was observed during four days in April 2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope at 230 GHz, including the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), at an angular resolution of similar to 20 mu as (at a redshift of z=0.536 this corresponds to similar to 0.13 pc similar to 1700 Schwarzschild radii with a black hole mass M-BH=8x10(8) M-circle dot). Imaging and model-fitting techniques were applied to the data to parameterize the fine-scale source structure and its variation. We find a multicomponent inner jet morphology with the northernmost component elongated perpendicular to the direction of the jet, as imaged at longer wavelengths. The elongated nuclear structure is consistent on all four observing days and across different imaging methods and model-fitting techniques, and therefore appears robust. Owing to its compactness and brightness, we associate the northern nuclear structure as the VLBI "core". This morphology can be interpreted as either a broad resolved jet base or a spatially bent jet. We also find significant day-to-day variations in the closure phases, which appear most pronounced on the triangles with the longest baselines. Our analysis shows that this variation is related to a systematic change of the source structure. Two inner jet components move non-radially at apparent speeds of similar to 15 c and similar to 20 c (similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.7 mu as day(-1), respectively), which more strongly supports the scenario of traveling shocks or instabilities in a bent, possibly rotating jet. The observed apparent speeds are also coincident with the 3C 279 large-scale jet kinematics observed at longer (cm) wavelengths, suggesting no significant jet acceleration between the 1.3 mm core and the outer jet. The intrinsic brightness temperature of the jet components are less than or similar to 10(10) K, a magnitude or more lower than typical values seen at >= 7 mm wavelengths. The low brightness temperature and morphological complexity suggest that the core region of 3C 279 becomes optically thin at short (mm) wavelengths.Note
Open access articleISSN
0004-6361EISSN
1432-0746Version
Final published versionae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1051/0004-6361/202037493
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © J.-Y. Kim et al. 2020. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).