Nonprofit board turnover and financial performance: Examining optimal board turnover rate in United Way organizations
| dc.contributor.author | An, Seung‐Ho | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-04-07T21:53:03Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-04-07T21:53:03Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-03-22 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | An, S. H. (2021). Nonprofit board turnover and financial performance: Examining optimal board turnover rate in United Way organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1048-6682 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1002/nml.21461 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10150/657641 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This article examines the effects of board turnover on nonprofit financial performance: resource acquisition and utilization. Governing board members play key roles in connecting organizations with external environments and ensuring that executives properly manage the organizations to achieve organizational missions. They also help in effectively attracting and appropriately utilizing financial resources. Given the importance of governing board members, any turnover occurring in the board should affect nonprofit financial performance. Using insights from organizational theories, we argue that the relationship between board turnover and the ability of UW organizations to acquire and utilize funds is nonlinear (first positive and then negative). We find general support for the hypothesis, which yields implications for both research and practice of board governance and human resources management in the nonprofit sector. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers | en_US |
| dc.rights | © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. | en_US |
| dc.rights.uri | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ | |
| dc.subject | nonprofit board turnover | en_US |
| dc.subject | nonprofit financial performance | en_US |
| dc.subject | optimal board turnover rate | en_US |
| dc.subject | turnover-performance relationship | en_US |
| dc.subject | United Way organizations | en_US |
| dc.title | Nonprofit board turnover and financial performance: Examining optimal board turnover rate in United Way organizations | en_US |
| dc.type | Article | en_US |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 1542-7854 | |
| dc.contributor.department | School of Government and Public Policy, University of Arizona | en_US |
| dc.identifier.journal | Nonprofit Management and Leadership | en_US |
| dc.description.collectioninformation | This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu. | en_US |
| dc.eprint.version | Final accepted manuscript | en_US |
| dc.source.journaltitle | Nonprofit Management and Leadership | |
| refterms.dateFOA | 2021-04-07T21:53:04Z |
Files in this item
Name:
NML_An_Nonprofit Board Turnover ...
Size:
702.6Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Final Accepted Manuscript
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
METABOLIC RESPONSES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE TO HYPOKINESIA/HYPODYNAMIA (ATROPHY, AMINO ACID, PROTEIN TURNOVER).The metabolic response to muscle unloading and disuse was studied in rats subjected for six days to tail-cast suspension which leads to non-weight bearing hindlimbs, while the forelimbs are utilized for mobility. Under these conditions the soleus muscle atrophied, growth of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles declined, and the extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles grew normally. Differences in muscle weight and protein content were associated with slower protein synthesis, particularly in the sarcoplasmic fraction, and faster protein degradation. Atrophy was accentuated by the administration of glucocorticoids to adrenalectomized rats causing a further reduction in protein synthesis. The effects of disuse and glucocorticoids were additive. Amino acid metabolism is altered in disuse of the soleus muscle as demonstrated by higher concentrations of tyrosine and glutamate and lower concentrations of glutamine, aspartate and asparagine. The lower glutamine concentration is the result of slower de novo synthesis despite higher glutamine synthetase activity, the result of glucocorticoid action. Slower glutamine synthesis was due to a lack of free ammonia for its synthesis, probably due to slower flux through AMP deaminase as a result of decreased muscle use and ATP utilization. Alanine production by the atrophied soleus muscles was higher and glutamate and aspartate utilization lower than by muscles from weight bearing controls. Branched chain amino acid degradation is faster in both the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of suspended rats; a difference partially mediated by glucocorticoids. The resistance of amino acid uptake to insulin in these muscles was abolished in adrenalectomy. Passive stretch of the non-weight bearing soleus muscle, by immobilization in dorsiflexion, prevented the metabolic changes associated with hindlimb suspension while plantar flexion had no effect on the atrophy. Muscles subjected to hypokinesia/hypodynamia demonstrated a loss of muscle protein due to slower protein synthesis and faster degradation. The increased availability of free amino acids from protein coupled to differences in hormone responsiveness and slower utilization of energy stores results in a substantial shift in the metabolic equilibrium of the muscle cell, particularly with regard to amino acid interconversions.
-
Relays and Marathons: The Effects of Succession Choice Surrounding CEO Turnover AnnouncementsThis study examines marathon successions, which I define as instances where a permanent successor is not chosen at the time of a CEO departure. Marathons have become increasingly prevalent over the last ten years and represent the majority of succession decisions surrounding forced turnovers from 1995-2005. Firms implementing marathon successions around forced turnovers have strong internal governance structures, as measured by board size, director ownership, percentage of outside directors, and dual Chairman/CEO appointments. In addition, I find little evidence supporting the argument that extending the succession process through the use of a marathon leads to increases in uncertainty and/or agency costs in the form of horizon problems. Lastly, I find positive and significant announcement returns for forced marathon successions. These results provide insight into the succession process and the role of strong internal corporate governance in evaluating and implementing succession decisions.
-
Continent-Scale Sampling Reveals Fine-Scale Turnover in a Beneficial Bug SymbiontMany members of animal-associated microbial communities, including the gut flora, are acquired from their host's environment. While many of these communities are species rich, some true bugs (Hemiptera) in the superfamilies Lygaeoidea and Coreidae allow only ingested Burkholderia to colonize and reproduce in a large portion of the midgut. We studied the spatial structuring of Burkholderia associated with a widespread omnivorous bug genus, Jalysus (Berytidae). We sampled Wickham's stilt bug, Jalysus wickhami, across the United States and performed limited sampling of its sister species, the spined stilt bug Jalysus spinosus. We asked: (1) What Burkholderia strains are hosted by Jalysus at different locations? (2) Does host insect species, host plant species, or location influence the strain these insects acquire? (3) How does Burkholderia affect the development and reproductive fitness of J. wickhami? We found: (1) Sixty-one Burkholderia strains were present across a sample of 352 individuals, but one strain dominated, accounting for almost half of all symbiont reads. Most strains were closely related to other hemipteran Burkholderia symbionts. (2) Many individuals hosted more than one strain of Burkholderia. (3) J. wickhami and J. spinosus did not differ in the strains they hosted. (4) Insects that fed on different plant species tended to host different Burkholderia, but this accounted for only 4% of the variation in strains hosted. In contrast, the location at which an insect was collected explained 27% of the variation in symbiont strains. (5) Burkholderia confers important fitness benefits to J. wickhami. In laboratory experiments, aposymbiotic (Burkholderia-free) insects developed more slowly and laid fewer eggs than symbiotic (Burkholderia-colonized) insects. (6) In the lab, nymphs sometimes acquired Burkholderia via indirect exposure to adults, indicating that horizontal symbiont transmission can occur via adult insect-mediated enrichment of Burkholderia in the local environment - a phenomenon not previously reported in bug-Burkholderia relationships. Taken together, the results suggest that for these bugs, critical nutritional requirements are outsourced to a highly diverse and spatially structured collection of Burkholderia strains acquired from the environment and, occasionally, from conspecific adults.
