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    Preferential Behaviors of Fluorinated Surface-Active Molecules at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces

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    Author
    Trinh, Vivian
    Issue Date
    2021
    Keywords
    Environmental sensors
    Force tensiometer
    Interfacial tension
    PFAS
    Sensors
    Surface tension
    Advisor
    Savagatrup, Suchol
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Embargo
    Release after 05/18/2022
    Abstract
    Contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water supplies will continue to have serious health and environmental consequences. Despite the importance of detecting the presence of PFAS at potential sites of contamination and at treatment plants, there are few scalable techniques that provide the necessary selectivity to distinguish fluorinated surfactants (such as PFAS) from other surface-active components and the sensitivity to quantify the low concentration often present in real-world conditions. Existing gold standards—namely liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)—can provide ultra- low limits of detection and superb selectivity. However, such methods require well-equipped laboratory with well-trained specialists. Thus, these methods are cost-prohibitive for large scale efforts to fully map the presence of PFAS in water production wells or for regular monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment plans. This thesis explores an alternative method of detecting PFAS by evaluating their behaviors at multiple liquid-liquid interfaces. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to PFAS and their surface-active properties, as well as the current method of detection. It also introduces the techniques used to measure interfacial energy and their sensing applications. Chapter 2 characterizes the preferential interfacial behaviors of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at the hydrocarbon oil-water (H/W) and fluorocarbon oil-water (F/W) interfaces. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Capstone FS-30 were used as model systems for hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants, respectively. The key highlights are (1) PFAS and fluorocarbon surfactants lower the interfacial tension at the F/W interface more readily than at the H/W interface and (2) by measuring the interfacial tensions at both F/W and H/W interfaces, it is possible to distinguish between fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants. Chapter 3 summarized experimental details and supporting information.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Thesis
    Degree Name
    M.S.
    Degree Level
    masters
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Chemical Engineering
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
    Collections
    Master's Theses

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