The ghost-box-ball system: A unified perspective on soliton cellular automata, the RSK algorithm and phase shifts

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the ghost-box-ball system, which is an extended version of the classical soliton cellular automaton. It is initially motivated as a mechanism for making precise a connection between the Schensted insertion (of the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence) and the dynamical process of the box-ball system. In addition to this motivation, we explore generalisations of classical notions of the box-ball system, including the solitonic phenomenon, the asymptotic sorting property, and the invariant shape construction. We analyse the ghost-box-ball system beyond its initial relevance to the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence, unpacking its relationship to its underlying dynamical evolution on a coordinatisation and using a mechanism for augmenting a regular box-ball configuration to study the classical ultradiscrete phase shift phenomenon. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.