Computational analysis of lung and isolated airway bifurcations under mechanical ventilation and normal breathing

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation is required for many patients who cannot breathe normally as a result of lung disease and other factors that result in reduced lung function. In this study, we investigated the effects of mechanical ventilation and normal breathing on whole lung geometry as well as isolated bifurcations through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Results of flow characteristics (airflow velocity, wall pressure, and wall shear stress) obtained from the CFD simulations are presented. Similar flow patterns and pressure drops were obtained between the whole lung geometry and isolated bifurcations under both normal breathing and mechanical ventilation, respectively. Results obtained from simulations suggest that analyzing specific local bifurcations may be a more feasible alternative as it may reduce the computational time and numerical errors resulting from computations as compared to simulating a complex whole lung geometry. The approach presented in this study also demonstrated that analyses of isolated bifurcations gave similar flow characteristics to that of whole lung geometry. Therefore, this approach may be useful for quickly obtaining results that will assist in making clinical predictions and other applications. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.