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    The Origin of Tree-Ring Reconstructed Summer Cooling in Northern Europe During the 18th Century Eruption of Laki

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    Name:
    Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol - ...
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    Author
    Edwards, J.
    Anchukaitis, K.J.
    Gunnarson, B.E.
    Pearson, C.
    Seftigen, K.
    von Arx, G.
    Linderholm, H.W.
    Affiliation
    School of Geography, Development, and Environment, University of Arizona
    Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona
    Issue Date
    2022
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    John Wiley and Sons Inc
    Citation
    Edwards, J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Gunnarson, B. E., Pearson, C., Seftigen, K., von Arx, G., & Linderholm, H. W. (2022). The Origin of Tree-Ring Reconstructed Summer Cooling in Northern Europe During the 18th Century Eruption of Laki. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology.
    Journal
    Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
    Rights
    Copyright © 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Basaltic fissure eruptions, which are characteristic of Icelandic volcanism, are extremely hazardous due to the large quantities of gases and aerosols they release into the atmosphere. The 1783–1784 CE Laki eruption was one of the most significant high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium and had substantial environmental and climatic impacts. Contemporary observations recorded the presence of a sulfuric haze over Iceland and Europe, which caused famine from vegetation damage and resulted in a high occurrence of respiratory illnesses and related mortality. Historical records in northern Europe show that the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm, but regional tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) data from that year are low and lead to erroneously colder reconstructed summer temperatures. Here, we measure wood anatomical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden in order to identify the cause of this discrepancy. We show that the presence of intraannual density fluctuations in the majority of 1783 growth rings, a sudden reduction in lumen and cell wall area, and the measurement resolution of traditional X-ray densitometry led to the observed reduced annual MXD value. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest these anatomical anomalies were most likely the result of direct acidic damage to trees in Northern Europe and that the normal relationship between summer temperature and MXD can be disrupted by this damage. Our study also demonstrates that quantitative wood anatomy offers a high-resolution approach to identifying anomalous years and extreme events in the tree-ring record. © 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Note
    6 month embargo; first published: 24 January 2022
    ISSN
    2572-4517
    DOI
    10.1029/2021PA004386
    Version
    Final published version
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1029/2021PA004386
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UA Faculty Publications

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