A Quasar Shedding Its Dust Cocoon at Redshift 2

Abstract

We present the first near-IR spectroscopy and joint analyses of multiwavelength observations for SDSS J082747.14+425241.1, a dust-reddened, weak broad emission-line quasar (WLQ) undergoing a remarkable broad-absorption line (BAL) transformation. The systemic redshift is more precisely measured to be z = 2.070 ± 0.001 using Hβ compared to z = 2.040 ± 0.003 using Mg ii from the literature, signifying an extreme Mg ii blueshift of 2140 ± 530 km s-1 relative to Hβ. Using the Hβ-based single-epoch scaling relation with a systematic uncertainty of 0.3 dex, its black hole (BH) mass and Eddington ratio are estimated to be M BH ∼6.1 × 108 M ⊙ and λ Edd ∼0.71, indicative of being in a rapidly accreting phase. Our investigations confirm the WLQ nature and the LoBAL → HiBAL transformation, along with a factor of 2 increase in the Mg ii+Fe ii emission strength and a decrease of 0.1 in E(B - V) over two decades. The kinetic power of this LoBAL wind at R ∼15 pc from its BH is estimated to be 1/443% of the Eddington luminosity, sufficient for quasar feedback upon its host galaxy albeit with an order-of-magnitude uncertainty. This quasar provides a clear example of the long-sought scenario where LoBAL quasars are surrounded by dust cocoons, and wide-angle nuclear winds play a key role in the transition of red quasars evolving into the commonly seen blue quasars. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.