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dc.contributor.authorHarber, P.
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-25T00:52:10Z
dc.date.available2022-08-25T00:52:10Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationHarber, P. (2022). Causal Inference Analysis for Poorly Soluble Low Toxicity Particles, Lung Function, and Malignancy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10.
dc.identifier.issn2296-2565
dc.identifier.pmid35865253
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpubh.2022.863402
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10150/665945
dc.description.abstractPoorly soluble low toxicity particles such as carbon black and titanium dioxide have raised concern about possible nonmalignant and malignant pulmonary effects. This paper illustrates application of causal inference analysis to assessing these effects. A framework for analysis is created using directed acyclic graphs to define pathways from exposure to potential lung cancer or chronic airflow obstruction outcomes. Directed acyclic graphs define influences of confounders, backdoor pathways, and analytic models. Potential mechanistic pathways such as intermediate pulmonary inflammation are illustrated. An overview of available data for each of the inter-node links is presented. Individual empirical epidemiologic studies have limited ability to confirm mechanisms of potential causal relationships due to the complexity of causal pathways and the extended time course over which disease may develop. Therefore, an explicit conceptual and graphical framework to facilitate synthesizing data from several studies to consider pulmonary inflammation as a common pathway for both chronic airflow obstruction and lung cancer is suggested. These methods are useful to clarify potential bona fide and artifactual observed relationships. They also delineate variables which should be included in analytic models for single study data and biologically relevant variables unlikely to be available from a single study. Copyright © 2022 Harber.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.
dc.rightsCopyright © 2022 Harber. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectcarbon black
dc.subjectcausal inference analysis
dc.subjectcausation analysis
dc.subjectchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
dc.subjectdirected acyclic graph
dc.subjectlung cancer
dc.subjectparticulate toxicity
dc.subjectpulmonary inflammation
dc.titleCausal Inference Analysis for Poorly Soluble Low Toxicity Particles, Lung Function, and Malignancy
dc.typeArticle
dc.typetext
dc.contributor.departmentMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona
dc.identifier.journalFrontiers in Public Health
dc.description.noteOpen access journal
dc.description.collectioninformationThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
dc.eprint.versionFinal published version
dc.source.journaltitleFrontiers in Public Health
refterms.dateFOA2022-08-25T00:52:10Z


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Copyright © 2022 Harber. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2022 Harber. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).