Differential Effects of Potassium Chloride on Vascular Tissues, Morphological Traits and Germination of Tomato with Sperm Swarm-based Nutrient Optimization
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Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of ArizonaIssue Date
2022Keywords
Bio-inspired optimizationNutrient toxicity
Plant nutrient stress
Plant physiology
Plant-soil interaction
Precision agriculture
Sperm swarm optimization
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Walailak UniversityCitation
Concepcion, R., II, Janairo, A. G., Baun, J. J., Cuello, J., Dadios, E., Vicerra, R. R., & Bandala, A. (2022). Differential Effects of Potassium Chloride on Vascular Tissues, Morphological Traits and Germination of Tomato with Sperm Swarm-based Nutrient Optimization. Trends in Sciences, 19(14).Journal
Trends in SciencesRights
Copyright © 2022 Walailak University. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Collection Information
This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.Abstract
Potassium chloride (KCl)-induced stress has been predominantly tested on higher crops such as cotton, rice, and wheat. What open agriculture needs now is the extended understanding of possible contributions and detrimental effects of KCl dynamics to tomato as this is one of the major crops consumed worldwide. In this study, the impacts of KCl on the three Philippine tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes namely, Perlas, Diamante Max F1, and Mica, in separate mesocosms were visualized and measured based on morphological, vascular tissues, and germination variability responses. Three KCl treatments were deployed, which are control (Tc, 0.05 mM), deficit (Td, 0.025 mM), and excess (Te, 0.5 mM), in 3 replicates. KCl-deficit treatment showed improvement in germination rate and vigor index and deteriorated Timson germination index for tomato seedlings. Excess KCl treatment distinctively promotes a higher root (R) to shoot (S) length ratio for Perlas variant with rusty red-orange root color. R/S length increases from control, deficit to excess KCl and R/S fresh and dry weights quadratically increase from control, excess to deficit KCl. The inconsistency of Td and Te treatments to provide equally productive outcomes across the 3 genotypes on the first 37 days after sowing led to the use of 3 bio-inspired algorithms namely, moth-flame, sperm-swarm, and jellyfish swarm optimizers, in determining the most suitable KCl concentration for growth promotion. Multigene symbolic genetic programming was used in constructing the fitness models of five phytomorphological phenotypes namely, root and shoot lengths and weights and leaf count, as functions of KCl concentration and cultivation period. Light microscopy showed that sperm swarm-optimized KCl (0.038 μM) widens the diameter of xylem and phloem vessels in the vegetative stage which is important as they are responsible for transporting nutrients, water, and photosynthesis by-products. Hence, KCl is an essential micronutrient that could alter the growth of crops. © 2022, Walailak University. All rights reserved.Note
Open access journalISSN
2774-0226Version
Final published versionae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.48048/tis.2022.1993
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2022 Walailak University. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.