Infrared spectroscopy of free-floating planet candidates in Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus

Abstract

Context. A rich population of low-mass brown dwarfs and isolated planetary mass objects has been reported in the Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus star-forming complex. Aims. We investigate the membership, nature, and properties of 17 of these isolated planetary mass candidates using low-resolution near-infrared spectra. Methods. We investigated the membership by looking for evidence of their youth using four diagnostics: the slope of the continuum between the J and Ks band, the Hcont, and the TLI-g gravity-sensitive indices. In addition, we compared the spectra to young and field (old) M and L-dwarf standards. Results. All the targets but one are confirmed as young ultracool objects, with spectral types between L0 and L6 and masses in the range 0.004- 0.013 M, according to evolutionary models. The status of the last target is unclear at this point. Conclusions. Only one possible contaminant has been identified among the 17 targets, suggesting that the contamination level of the original sample must be low (≤6%). © H. Bouy et al. 2022.